IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 131 to 140 Q. 131: How do we search for various “TestObjects” using RFT? In RFT we can locate a TestObject programmatically. Here our search for the TestObject is based on name and value pairs representing the properties of the concerned TestObject or TestObjects. Our search can be either global or limited to children of a parent TestObject. RFT uses an object called the “RootTestObject” to represent a global view of the software under test in the following ways. 1) For searching the entire application, we can use the find method on the RootTestObject. 2)…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 121 to 130 Q. 121: What are Globalized applications? Globalized applications are those in which all of the strings like messages, labels, and text, are localized, that is, translated to the language of the location from which it was started or launched. For example, if an application is started from a Japanese locale or operating system, then all of the information will appear in Japanese. Similarly, if an application is started from a French locale or operating system, the Information will appear in French, and so on. “Globalized” also refers to applications that allow input…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 111 to 120 Q. 111: What are the Manual verification points? Manual verification points are useful when we create the data for the verification point ourself, and we want to compare the data. For example, the data could be the result of a calculation or could come from an external source, like a database. Manual verification point objects are constructed using the “vpManual” method. When we call this method, we provide the data before “performTest” is executed. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 112: What are the dynamic verification points? Dynamic verification points are created by “vpDynamic”…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 101 to 110 Q. 101: What is Script helper superclass or base class? Helper superclass or base class are optional, user defined classes which provide overriding support for base level methods, especially the event handler methods in RFT. For RFT – Java Scripting it is known as a helper superclass. For RFT – VB.NET Scripting it is known as a base class. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 102: Can we change the default script helper superclass? Yes we can change the default script helper superclass for a Project as well as for an individual script. <<<<<<…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 91 to 100 Q. 91: What are the advantages of snapshot views over dynamic view? The advantage of using a snapshot view with RFT is that, only the scripts that we change gets compiled when we record or play back. This makes its performance faster than a dynamic view. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 92: What are the disadvantages of using a snapshot view? 1) Files are not updated automatically. We need to always get the latest files from the VOB on a regular basis. Otherwise the changes which others check in can break the script.…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 81 to 90 Q. 81: What regular expressions are used in RFT? We can replace a recognition property with a regular expression or a numeric range to allow for a pattern-based recognition. The pattern allows for more flexibility in the object recognition. We can convert properties to regular expressions and numeric ranges from within the Verification Point Editor or the object map. We can undo any regular expression or numeric range. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 82: What is the purpose of Regular Expression Evaluator? Regular Expression Evaluator is used to test a regular expression while…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 71 to 80 Q. 71: What is the use of Test Object Maps in RFT? Test object map describes the test objects in the application under test. It is a static view which describes test objects known to RFT in the application under test. The test object map contains objects from multiple applications. It provides a quick way to add test objects to a script. Because the test object map contains recognition properties for each object, we can update the information in one location. Any scripts which reference that test object map share the updated…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 61 to 70 Q. 61: What is the criteria to assign a recognition score to objects in RFT? RFT uses a criteria to assign a recognition score to objects in the application under test. For example, if the object exactly matches the recognition properties in the test object map, its score is 0. If the object has one property with a weight of 100 that does not match, its score is 10,000. If the object has two properties that do not match, its score is 20,000, and so on. The higher the recognition score, the…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 51 to 60 Q. 51: How do we test our software applications by running the scripts in RFT? When we play back a script, RFT replays all the recorded actions, which automates the software testing cycle. Such automation allows us to test each new build of our application faster and more thoroughly compared to manual testing, thereby reducing the testing time and increasing the coverage and overall consistency. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 52: What are the general phases of script playback? There are two general phases of script playback: 1) Test Development Phase: Here we play…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 41 to 50 Q. 41: How do we create datapools in RFT? A datapool is a test dataset, a collection of related data records which supplies realistic data values to the variables in a test script during test script playback. We can create data for a datapool right from the scratch or we can import existing data into a new datapool from another RFT datapool or from a .csv file. Following rules are followed while working with datapools: 1) While importing data, we need to import the data into the same RFT project as the…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 31 to 40 Q. 31: What is the purpose of Test Object Inspector? Test Object Inspector is used to get a display of the test object information in the running application. This information can be about objects like parent hierarchy, inheritance hierarchy, test object properties, non value properties, and method information. The Test Object Inspector does not display the information for the test object under the cursor. Secondly the Test Object Inspector does not capture the objects in the application If it is not active. Test Object Inspector automatically tracks the cursor and performs live…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 21 to 30 Q. 21: What type of file extensions are created while exporting Functional Test project items? Functional Tester compresses a copy of the files into a data transfer file with the name specified by us. It appends a .rftjdtr (Functional Tester, Java Scripting) or .rftvdtr (Functional Tester, VB.NET Scripting) extension to it. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 22: Which Functional Test project items can be imported? We can import project items like scripts, test object maps, Java files or Visual Basic files, and datapools into a Functional Tester project. Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif”>Functional Tester adds…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 11 to 20 Q. 11: How can we test the applications using RFT on Linux? We can test the applications using RFT (Java Scripting) on Linux in following two ways: 1) We can record a script on Windows and export it to Linux & then play it back on Linux. 2) We can write our own scripts, by using the Test Object Insert tool. Instead of creating an object map through recording, we populate it outside of the recorder by opening the map and selecting objects in the test application. Limitations of RFT on Linux…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 1 to 10 Q. 1: What is the Process of test automation by using Rational Functional Tester? Test automation process using RFT involves following three steps. 1) Recording of Test Scripts: is done on the fly, as users navigate the application. Verification points can be inserted to validate the system response. This makes test scripts data-driven to enable execution of the same script on variety of data inputs. 2) Enhancing the Test Scripts: Enhancements like conditional branching, refactoring, and exception handling are done in…

Best Practices during Recording in IBM – RFT This article describes useful tips we can take advantage of, while recording in IBM Rational Functional Tester – RFT 1) Best Practices of changing the State of Application while Recording: a) Changing the State of Application while Recording Verification Point: # When we pause the recorder for creating a verification point, we should bear it in mind that if we happen to make any change in the state of the application, it is going to affect our script. # If we change the state of the application while the recorder is paused;…

Tutorial-7 How to do recording in a RFT script which is already existing A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “Rational Functional Tester – IBM RFT”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool –“Rational Functional Tester”. This can be easily attained by careful study of the“Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of RFT through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> This short tutorial presents a simple method to do recording in an already existing RFT script.…

Tutorial-6 How can we create a new RFT script Manually i.e. without Recording A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “Rational Functional Tester – IBM RFT”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool –“Rational Functional Tester”. This can be easily attained by careful study of the“Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of RFT through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> There is an alternative to recording, wherein we can manually create a script to enter the…

Tutorial-5 How do we record data verification point for test objects using RFT A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “Rational Functional Tester – IBM RFT”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool –“Rational Functional Tester”. This can be easily attained by careful study of the“Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of RFT through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> This short tutorial describes a method of recording a data verification points for test objects…

Tutorial-4 How do we record a script using Rational Functional Tester-RFT A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “Rational Functional Tester – IBM RFT”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool –“Rational Functional Tester”. This can be easily attained by careful study of the“Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of RFT through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> This tutorial describes a method of recording a script in Rational Functional Tester � RFT from IBM.…

Tutorial-3 What steps are needed to be performed for setting up the RFT A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “Rational Functional Tester – IBM RFT”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool –“Rational Functional Tester”. This can be easily attained by careful study of the“Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of RFT through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> This short tutorial describes various steps required for setting up the RFT. Use the Java…

Tutorial-2 How do we use an anchor to locate a particular object using RFT A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “Rational Functional Tester – IBM RFT”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool –“Rational Functional Tester”. This can be easily attained by careful study of the“Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of RFT through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> This short tutorial describes a method of using an anchor to locate a particular…

Tutorial-1 How to retrieve the value of an object property programmatically A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “Rational Functional Tester – IBM RFT”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool – “Rational Functional Tester”. This can be easily attained by careful study of the“Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of RFT through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> This short tutorial presents a simple method to retrieve the value of an object property programmatically by…

High Quality Interview Questions on IBM – Rational Functional Tester 8.3 (RFT) popular with MNC’s for their recruitment Most of the professionals in the Software Testing & Quality Assurance domain must be aware of IBM�s Rational Functional Tester, popular by its nick name – RFT. IBM�s Rational Functional Tester is most powerful next generation functional-testing and automation tool from Rational and is based upon object-oriented technology. Due to its extreme simplicity & robustness, It is in great demand all across the industry involved in Application Development & Testing. A beginning has been made to bring out High Quality Interview Questions…

What is Extreme Programming? Extreme Programming called XP in short is a deliberate and disciplined approach to software development. XP is extremely successful since it lays maximum stress on the customer satisfaction. XP methodology is designed to deliver the software as per the customer needs and at a time when it is needed.   While following XP methodology the developers confidently respond to fast changing requirements of the customer may be quite late in the life cycle. Many More Articles on Software Testing Approaches

Why to have Programming Statements in Tests in QTP We add steps, which contain programming logic to the recorded framework just to increase the power and flexibility of the testing process. Programming statements usually contain: 1) Recordable test object methods: These are operations that a user can perform on an application. 2) Non-recordable test object methods: These are operations that users cannot perform on an application. We use these methods to retrieve or set information, or to perform operations triggered by an event. 3) Run-time methods of the object being tested. 4) Various VBScript programming commands that affect the way…

Unearthing the Power of IBM – Rational Functional Tester – RFT Most of the professionals in the Software Testing & Quality Assurance domain must be aware of IBM’s Rational Functional Tester, popular by its nick name – RFT. This article is aimed at providing an overview of this most powerful next generation functional-testing and automation tool from Rational and is based upon object-oriented technology. Earlier it was known as RobotJ and XDE Tester. Overview of Rational Functional Tester: RFT provides us choice among two scripting languages and two development environments i.e. Java under Eclipse framework, alternatively Visual Basic.NET under Microsoft Visual…

Ultimately how to chose between Automated Testing and Manual Testing Choice between Automated Testing and Manual Testing can be based upon careful consideration of following factors 1) Based upon the frequency of use of Test Cases: Automating a test case requires almost 3-4 times the effort as compared to manual execution of it once. To draw benefit out of significant investment in the automation tool, we should be able to execute the automation script the maximum number of times or at least 7-8 times. There is no worthwhile idea of going in for an automation tool for short-term product, which can be…

Understanding the Business Process Testing Model and Role of Subject Matter Expert The Subject Matter Expert has specific knowledge of the application logic, a high-level understanding of the entire system, and a detailed understanding of the individual elements and tasks that are fundamental to the application being tested. This enables the Subject Matter Expert to determine the operating scenarios or business processes that must be tested and identify the key business activities that are common to multiple business processes. During the design phase, the Subject Matter Expert works with the Automation Engineer to identify the resources and settings needed to…

How to enhance Tests with Descriptive Programming in QTP A) Interact with Test Objects not stored in the Object Repository You can also instruct QTP to perform methods on objects without referring to the Object Repository, without referring to the object�s logical name. To do this, you provide QTP with a list of properties and values that QTP can use to identify the object or objects on which you want to perform a method. Such a programmatic description can be very useful if you want to perform an operation on an object that is not stored in the object repository. You…

Understanding the Load Testing process in LoadRunner Load Testing in LoadRunner primarily goes by the following steps: Step 1: Planning the test: Involves development of a clearly defined test plan to ensure that the newly developed test scenarios are able to accomplish the load-testing objectives. Step 2: Creation of Vusers: Involves creation of Vuser scripts which contain various tasks performed by every Vuser, tasks performed by Vusers as a whole, and tasks measured as transactions. Step 3: Creation of the scenarios: A scenario describes the events that occur during a testing session. It includes a list of machines, scripts, and Vusers that run…

Understanding of Schema Validation in QTP Firstly let us understand Schema Validation feature of QTP We can activate Schema Validation button to confirm that the XML in our application or file adheres to the structure defined in a specific XML schema or schemas. We can validate the structure of the XML we are checking using one or more external schema files or using schema embedded within our XML document. Following yardsticks are followed while specifying a schema file to validate the XML files. 1) If we are validating an XML file using a schema defined in the XML file, the…

Overview of Smart Identification Process of QTP If QTP activates the Smart Identification mechanism during a run session, it follows the following process to identify the object: Step – 1: QTP “forgets” the learned test object description and creates a new object candidate list containing the objects that match all of the properties defined in the Base Filter Properties list. Step – 2: QTP filters out any object in the object candidate list that does not match the first property listed in the Optional Filter Properties list. The remaining objects become the new object candidate list. Step – 3: QTP evaluates the new…

Know the utilities and tools available in QTP Tools Menu of QTP contains the following utilities and tools which are helpful in the testing process: # Action Conversion Tool: Enables us to convert test actions that were created using QTP to scripted components for use in business process testing. # Additional Installation Requirements: Opens the Additional Installation Requirements dialog box, which displays any prerequisite software that we must install or configure to work with QTP. # Business Component Upgrade Tool: Opens the Business Component Upgrade Tool. If we are connected to a Quality Center project, this tool enables us to upgrade all of…

Want to know key features of QTP at a Glance Following sparkling features make Quick test Professional significantly distinct from its competitors # Ease of Use: QTP allows even novice testers to become productive in minutes. We can create a test script by simply pressing a Record button and using an application to perform a typical business process. Each step in the business process is automated documented with a plain-English sentence and screen shot. Users can easily modify, remove, or rearrange test steps in the Keyword View. # Simple Interface: QTP is much simpler to understand. It presents a test case as…

An insight to Concurrent Development-Validation Test Model Concurrent Development approach refers to the process of informal validation while development is still going on. This approach provides an opportunity for validation tests to be developed and debugged early in the software development process. It is helpful in providing an early feedback to the software engineers. The key benefit of this approach is that it results in formal validation being less eventful, since most of the problems have already been found and fixed. Formal Validation Testing Review:   During informal validation developers are free to make any changes as felt necessary to…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Four Test Cases – Frequently Discussed in Interviews on Software Testing Test Case – 1: Test Case for ATM 1) Insertion of ATM card with success. 2) Incorrect ATM Card Insertion – Leading to unsuccessful operation. 3) ATM Card of an invalid account – Leading to unsuccessful operation. 4) Successful feeding of ATM PIN Number. 5) Incorrect ATM PIN Number feeding 3 times – Leading to unsuccessful operation. 6) Selection of language of operation, with success. 7) Selection of Type of Bank Account with success. 8) Incorrect…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page **************************************************************************************** Non Functional Testing Aim of Non Functional Testing: Such tests are aimed to verify the non-functionality factors related to the customer expectations. Following testing techniques are employed to validate the various non-functionality factors. 1) Usability Test or User interface Testing: To verify the user friendliness of the application is known as Usability Test, which is aimed to verify the following factors. a) Adequacy of look and feel factors like back ground color, font size, spelling mistakes etc.. b) Adequacy of alignment of various controls.c) Ease of Navigation.…

Understanding the Elements of Software Testing!!!!! What is Software Testing all about? # “Testing is the process of executing a program with the sole motive of finding errors in it.” # “Testing can show the presence of bugs but never their absence.” What are the best practices of Software Testing? # Prepare Good Test Cases: A good test case is one that has a high probability of detecting an undiscovered defect, not one that shows that the program works correctly. # Avoid Testing Your Own Program: It is impossible to test your own program. # Describe your Expectations Clearly in Test Case:…

Expert QTP

Tutorial-6 How to Save Summary File in QTP This short tutorial guides you to the process of Saving a Summary file in QTP. The process involves addition of the SaveSummaryAlways value to the registry Step 1: Open the registry editor. Step 2:Navigate to the following key: HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMercury InteractiveQuickTest ProfessionalMicTest Step 3: Add a DWORD value (Edit -> New -> DWORD Value) with the name SaveSummaryAlways and with value 1. Step 4: Restart QTP. Now whenever we will create a new test and save it, we can find a summary.txt file in the folder for each action. Each time we save…

Key Elements of Keyword Driven Framework Keyword Driven Framework consists of the following basic components: 1. Control File 2. Test Case File 3. Startup Script 4. Driver Script 5. Utility Scripts 1. Control File a) Control File consists of details of all the Test scenarios to be automated. b) User can select a specific scenario for execution based on turning on or off a flag in the Control File c) Control File is in the form of an excel worksheet and contains columns for Scenario ID, Execute (Y/N), Object Repository Path, Test Case File Path etc. 2. Test Case File…

Qualities of a Good Tester What qualities & skills we looking for in a Good Tester? Although technical skills, degrees, diplomas are quite useful, however “The better the soft skills, the better the tester is”. Some of the soft skills, which are crucial for testers are: 1) Good Communication: This is one of the most important skills. A tester must be frank enough to ask questions to find out what needs to be done. A good tester can�t afford to be shy. He must be able to interact even with unknown persons, frankly & pleasingly. Communication here refers to a dialog…

Practical ways to prepare yourself for a career in testing Few points given below are adequate to provide seed thoughts or tips to get you started on the way to a career in software testing. Tips for starting a career in testing: Pursue your line of study & strive to acquire maximum IT exposure in your field of study. Other testers can be of great help in your endeavor. Have discussions with other testers and you can get fairly good idea about their jobs in terms of both technically as well as from the job satisfaction point of view. Keep…

Questions Constantly being probed by Testing Managers during SDLC Software Testing is a specialization. Fact is that there are more specializations within testing itself. Managers of major organizations are constantly striving to make their software testing efforts increasingly effective day by day. With this view managers or testers are constantly probing the answers to the following questions during every stage of the SDLC. But getting an outright answer to these questions is not easy & needs further efforts on the project�s testing initiatives. 1) What should be the detailed testing tasks for this stage in SDLC? 2) How many persons…

Effective Software Testing by Business Management Approach It is of great importance for a testing manager that he understands the importance of his being both an affective manager as well as a good leader. In order for a testing manager to be effective towards his team, he must understand the components of his leadership role clearly. These components of his leadership role are: 1) Leadership 2) Motivation 3) Understanding of group behavior 4) Effective Communication 1) Leadership: If someone wants to understand the term leadership in true sense, he should be able to differentiate between the two terms i.e. 1) Manager…

Pointers to Effective Validation Testing described by a Good Manager to a New Tester An efficient Software Testing process comprises of two indispensable elements like its Verification and Its Validation. Verification testing takes place while the product is being created and has great influence on the quality of the product being created. Whereas Validation testing takes place after the product has been created. Verification is generally stressed upon by everyone; however it is rarely practiced due to being quite subjective and intangible as well as due to usual extremely tight deadlines of product delivery. Following pointers describe the validation testing…

How to Design a Good Test Case for Performance Testing A test case ideal for performance testing has a prime aim of establishing the level of performance delivered by the present system. The gathered information is helpful in doing benchmarking in future. Every test case related to the performance requirements essentially describes all inputs to the system as well as all outputs expected from the system. At the time of designing the performance test cases, following important factors are given adequate consideration: 1) Capacity Handled: refers to the maximum amount, which can be handled, or can be produced, or can completely…

Tutorial-5 Passing Parameters between Actions This short tutorial guides you to the process of passing parameters between Actions in QTP. Step-1: Create a test with the structure: Action1 on the top-level, Action2 embedded in Action1. 1) Open a new test. 2) Go to Insert -> Call to New Action. 3) Select the “After the current step” radio button. 4) Click . The new action should be inserted into Action1. Example: Action1 Action2 Step-2: Define an input test parameter: 1) Go to Test -> Settings. 2) Select the Parameters tab. 3) Click the add button (+) for the Input parameters. 4)…

Tutorial-4 Recording of Tests in QTP with Drag and Drop Web Elements This short tutorial guides you to the process of Recording and Running of tests in QTP involving web application has drag and drop of elements QTP does not record web drag and drop events such as ondragstart and ondrop by default. QTP needs to be configured to capture these events. In QTP goto the Tools->Web Event Recording Configuration and click the Custom Settings button. Save the settings to an XML file. Open the XML file in notepad and enter the following two XML lines of code under “Object…

What is the Life Span of an Automated Test Automated tests show up their value after the code changes. Except in case of rare types of tests, re-running a test before any code changes is a sheer waste of time, since it will not find any new bugs even after rerunning several times. However exceptions like timing and stress tests, can be analyzed in the similar way. But a test will not last forever. At some point of time, the product will change in a way that it would break the test. This would call for either repairing the test…

How Can I say that My Software is Correct This is a typical question coming to the mind of every programmer / tester. However to get an answer for it, we must try to understand as to how the software can fail. Failure of a piece of software is generally implied as its non-conformance to the requirements. Software failure can be due to many faults, few of which are given below. Error or incompleteness in the requirements. Difficulty in implementing the specification in the target environment. Faulty system or program design. Defects in the code In view of the variety…

Boundary Value Analysis-BVA an effective method of Test Case Design Boundary Value Analysis is a data selection technique in which test data is selected from the “boundaries” of the input or output domain classes, data structures and procedure parameters. Selection mainly include the actual minimum and maximum boundary values, with a tolerance of (+ 1 or – 1) on the maximum and the minimum values. Boundary Value Analysis is similar to Equivalence Partitioning, however it focuses on “Boundary or Corner Cases”. Although according to Equivalence Partitioning definition, testing of one value from a particular class is equivalent to doing the…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Equivalence Partitioning a Technique under Black Box Approach Equivalence Partitioning refers to a testing technique, with two prime goals like: 1) Reduction of number of test cases to the bare minimum. 2) Identification of the ideal test cases, which should be able to cover maximum number of scenarios.  Equivalence Partitioning is typically applied to the inputs of a tested component, although in some isolated cases it can be used on the outputs of components in the software application. Equivalence Partitioning technique utilizes a subset of data which…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Keyword-Driven Methodology of Test Creation in QTP This methodology enables us to create tests at a more application-specific level and with a more structured design. This enables us to maintain our tests more efficiently and provides us with more flexibility as compared to a recorded test. This technique separates much of the programming work from the actual test steps so that the test steps can be developed faster and can be maintained with minor changes, even when the application undergoes significant changes. Keyword-Driven Methodology requires following steps…

Tutorial-3 How to use Automation Generator This short tutorial guides you to a step-by-step method by which you can use Automation Generator Utility in QTP. 1) Install Quick Test Plus located in Quick test Professional Folder 2) Once Installation is Done Go to All Programs > QUICK Test Plus > Utilities > Automation Generator Utility 3) The Following Popup Comes up   4) Select Open Quick Test the following Popup comes up   5) If you want Quick test visible set this to TRUE, and Click on OK button 6) Move this to right side 7) Select Run Test and the…

Tutorial-2 How to View Object Properties by using Object Spy This short tutorial guides you to a method by which you can view the Object Properties & Methods with the help of Object Spy in QTP. We can look at the Properties and Methods of any object with the help of Object Spy pointing hand mechanism, provided the application is open. As we move the pointing hand over the objects in the application, their Details get displayed in the Object Spy. These details displayed in the Object Spy are the test object’s hierarchy tree, its properties and values, and the…

Access Permissions for running of QTP This short tutorial guides you to the essential requirements of Access Permissions which are necessary to be set before running the QTP on your machine. This is a two-stage process involving Stage – 1: Requirement of setting the file system permissions: # Full read and write permissions for all the files and folders under the folder in which QTP is installed # Full read and write permissions to the Temp folder # Read permissions to the Windows folder and to the System folder Stage –2: Requirement of setting the registry key permissions: # Full…

Various Methodologies of Test Creation in QTP While using QTP, we can create tests with the help of three types of methodologies like: 1) Keyword-driven methodology 2) Step recording 3) Combination of both Keyword-driven methodology & Recording. Keyword-driven methodology: Creation of tests with the help of keyword-driven methodology requires an infrastructure for various required resources. Resources are such as shared object repositories, function libraries, and recovery scenarios. For setting up the infrastructure we require thorough knowledge of the application and a great level of expertise of QTP software. This methodology enables us to create tests at a more application-specific level…

Understanding and Resolving Object Conflicts in QTP After we merge two object repositories, the Object Repository Merge Tool displays the Statistics dialog box, which describes the number and type of conflicts arising during the merge. Conflicts between objects in the primary and secondary object repositories are resolved automatically by the Object Repository Merge Tool according to the default resolution settings that we define before performing the merge operation. Merging two object repositories can result in conflicts arising due to similarities between the objects they contain. There are three types of conflicts: 1) Similar Description Conflict: Two objects which have the same name…

Object Differences while comparing Object Repositories The Comparison Tool automatically identifies objects during the comparison process by classifying them into either of the following types: 1) Identical: These are the objects, which appear in both object repository files. There is no difference in their name or in their properties. 2) Matching description, different name: These are the objects, which appear in both object repository files having different names, but the same description properties and values. 3) Similar description: These are the objects, which appear in both object repository files having similar, but not identical, description properties and values. One of the objects always…

Automation and Management of Object Repositories What is Automation: Automation is a Microsoft technology that makes it possible to access software objects inside one application from other applications. These objects can be created and manipulated using a scripting or programming language such as VBScript or VC++. Automation enables us to control the functionality of an application programmatically. An object model is a structural representation of software objects i.e. classes that comprises the implementation of a system or application. An object model defines a set of classes and interfaces, together with their properties, methods and events, and their relationships. Understanding QTP…

What is Six Sigma Life Cycle Six Sigma means a measure of quality that strives for near perfection. Six Sigma is a disciplined, data-driven approach and methodology for eliminating defects (driving towards six standard deviations between the mean and the nearest specification limit) in any process — from production to transactional and from product to service. The statistical representation of Six Sigma describes quantitatively how a process is performing. To achieve Six Sigma, a process must not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities. DPMO allows us to take complexity of product / process into account. A Six Sigma…

Software Development Models at a Glance As an evolutionary process, Software Professionals have formulated Six Types of Development Models, brief outline of each of them is being described herewith. 1) Waterfall Model 2) Prototype Model 3) Evolutionary Model 4) Spiral Model 5) Fish Model 6) V  Model 1) Waterfall Model: It is a sequential software development model in which the entire process of software development is seen as flowing steadily downwards like a waterfall through many distinct process phases like requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, integration, and maintenance.   Pros of Waterfall Model: # A simple and easy to maintain model.…

SDLC-Software Development Life Cycle Software products, which don’t happen to be user friendly just, don’t find any place in a highly competitive market of this modern era, although they might have been developed with the help of the best available technology. The ease of use of the product is of paramount importance compared to its internal technology, which the customer is not going to see. Thus for the creation of Innovative Software products, the Development Life Cycle undergoes six phases like: 1) Initial Phase 2) Analysis Phase 3) Design phase 4) Coding Phase 5) Testing Phase 6) Delivery and Maintenance phase…

STLC-Software Testing Life Cycle There is a systematic cycle to software testing, although it varies from organization to organization Software Testing Life Cycle: Software testing life cycle or STLC refers to a comprehensive group of testing related actions specifying details of every action along with the specification of the best time to perform such actions. There can not be a standardized testing process across various organizations, however every organization involved in software development business, defines & follows some sort of testing life cycle. STLC by & large comprises of following Six Sequential Phases:  1) Planning of Tests 2) Analysis of…

You can transform yourself from a Good Tester to an Excellent Manager: But How? You are the Best Judge of your own Capabilities & Potentials. No one else knows about you more than yourself. Try to Introspect & Discover yourself the Qualities / Potentials / Experience & Confidence you possess, & honestly try to assess the slot where you deserve to be placed as on date; from where upon you can improve to be an Excellent Manager of tomorrow. Here are some of the Attributes of a Good Test Engineer: 1) Good test engineer has an attitude “To achieve the Difficult”. 2)…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Am I doing Too Little or Too Much Automation. We shall be able to count a large number of possible test cases for any system although fact may be that we might be having too little a time to execute only a few of them. Even if this number may be small, still we would expect to detect majority of our bugs out of these whatever small number of test cases. Hence identification of test cases to be created & to be executed is an important activity.…

Smart Identification: A Fantasy of QTP QTP has a unique feature by the name Smart Object Identification or recognition which is used for identifying the objects smartly, whenever the normal identification fails due to the dynamic changes in the properties of the objects. Smart Identification is nothing but an algorithm used by the QTP when it is not able to recognize an object. A simple generic example as per the QTP manual would be, A photograph of a 8 year old girl and boy and QTP records identification properties of that girl when she was 8, now when both are…

All about Recovery Scenarios using QTP While executing scripts, we usually encounter unexpected & unpredictable events & errors, which results into application crashing during a run session causing total disruption of the run session and distortion of results. Such problems are quite frequent especially when the tests are made to run unattended. In such a case the test process halts until the user perform some desired recovery operation. Recovery scenarios are useful when it is difficult to predict at which step the errors can come or when we are confident that the error will not come in the QTP script,…

Let us understand the Software Testing and Environments Let us try to understand the various types of environments under which software applications operate & are subjected to various types of Testing or Quality assurance related activities. Environment is a combination of three types of layers like: 1) Presentation Layer. 2) Business Layer. 3) Database Layer. Types of Environment: There are four types of environments based upon the tier of architecture. 1) Standalone Environment based upon Single Tier Architecture. 2) Client � Server Environment based upon Two Tier Architecture. 3) Web Environment based upon Three Tier Architecture. 4) Distributed Environment based upon N’Tier Architecture. 1)…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Various Approaches in Integration Testing Introduction to Integration Testing: When the modules are under the process of development, the developers develop some interfaces and integrate the module with the help of those interfaces. Here integration is the process of assembling unit-tested modules. We need to test the following aspects, which have not been addressed previously while independently testing the modules: Interfaces: To ensure “interface integrity,” the transfer of data between modules is tested. When data is passed to another module, by way of a call, there should…

An overview of Life Cycle of QTP A typical Life Cycle of QTP undergoes the following stages: 1) Test Planning 2) Generating the Basic Test 3) Enhancing the Test 4) Debugging the Test 5) Executing the Test 6) Analyzing the Results. Step 1: Test Planning: is an activity usually performed by the Automation Test Lead. In this phase following activities are performed a) Understanding all the requirements. b) Identification of the areas, which need to automated. c) Analysis of Positive as well as Negative flow of areas being automated. d) Based on the above analysis, next step shall be the preparation…

An Introduction to QTP (HP-Quick Test Professional) Type of the Tool     : Functional Testing Tool Company                : HP Scripting Language: VB Script Version Journey      : #5.5, 6.5, 7.0, 7.2, 8.0, 8.2, 9.0, 9.1, 9.2, 9.5, 10.0. An anatomy of QTP Vbwindow (“Emp”).VbEdit (“Ename”).Set “Piyush” Vbwindow (“Emp”).VbEdit (“Eage”).Set “24” Vbwindow (“Emp”).VbEdit (“Esal”).Set “50,000” Vbwindow (“Emp”).VbEdit (“Edesig”).Set “SQA Engineer” Vbwindow (“Emp”).Vbbutton(“Submit”).Click Add � Ins – Manager : is a unique feature of QTP, which renders QTP compatible with specified environments. By default Add-In-Manager contain three types of Add Ins. Like 1) Visual Basic 2) Active x. 3) Web. More add ins can be added by purchasing at an…

Software Testing Quiz: Part 1 and 2 Welcome to the Online Multimedia Quiz to perform a Self Assessment of your Skills of Software Testing. Each Quiz offers a set of 20 nos. of Multiple Choice Questions, answers of which can be reviewed at the end of the Quiz. Set of all questions along with their respective Right / Wrong Answers can be viewed by clicking on the Dotted / Vertical Button on the Right side of the Quiz Window Pane. After the test you can Save or Take Printout of the Result Card indicating the Correct as well as Incorrect Answers. For Enjoying the Fun…

Major Functional Testing Tools-Part 3 Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 61) Soapui: From soapui.org Brief Introduction: It is a functional and load testing tool for desktop application & web services over HTTP. It is helpful to developers / testers using web services like java & .net, etc. Functional and Load-Testing can be done interactively as well as within automated build / integration process using the command-line tools. Basic…

This is the Part – 2 of 3  Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 31) JFunc:JUnit Functional Testing Extension;From jfunc.sourceforge.net Brief Introduction: It is an open source tool. It is an extension to the JUnit testing framework to make it easier for use with functional tests. Functional testing (also called integration testing) significantly differs from unit testing in a number of respects. Part of this project is dedicated…

Major Functional Testing Tools – Part – 1 of 3  Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 1) .Test from parasoft.com  Brief Introduction: It is a Unit-testing tool, which automatically tests the classes written on Microsoft’s .NET Framework. Developers do not require writing any test scenario or stub. 2) Abbot Java GUI Test Framework : from abbot.sourceforge.net   Brief Introduction: It is an open source tool. It provides automated event generation and validation of Java GUI components,…

Guidelines to select an Appropriate Automation Tool In case you happen to be in a company currently engaged in manual testing of their products & you are thinking that by introducing automation there is going to be a shower of benefits; thus abruptly jumping to a conclusion of buying some tool simply because it is popular among many, may not be wise. What should be done now is to take a judicious decision through a scientific process to find out as to which tool will best be suited to your needs. Since this is an capital intensive move aimed at…

All About Risk Analysis Risk Analysis is one of the concepts of key importance in Software Product Life Cycle. It generally includes areas like risk assessment, risk characterization, risk communication, risk management, and policies relating to the risk. It is also known as Security Risk Analysis. Following terms related to Risk Analysis need to be understood clearly Risk Analysis: A risk analysis involves identifying the most probable threats to an organization and analyzing the related vulnerabilities of the organization to these threats. Risk Assessment: A risk assessment involves evaluating existing physical and environmental security and controls, and assessing their adequacy relative to…

QTP-Expert Level Quiz Welcome to the Online Multimedia Quiz to perform a Self Assessment of your Skills of QTP. Each Quiz offers a set of 20 nos. of Multiple Choice Questions, answers of which can be reviewed at the end of the Quiz. Set of all questions along with their respective Right / Wrong Answers can be viewed by clicking on the Dotted / Vertical Button on the Right side of the Quiz Window Pane. After the test you can Save or Take Printout of the Result Card indicating the Correct as well as Incorrect Answers. For Enjoying the Fun while learning…

QTP-Intermediate Level Quiz Welcome to the Online Multimedia Quiz to perform a Self Assessment of your Skills of QTP. Each Quiz offers a set of 20 nos. of Multiple Choice Questions, answers of which can be reviewed at the end of the Quiz. Set of all questions along with their respective Right / Wrong Answers can be viewed by clicking on the Dotted / Vertical Button on the Right side of the Quiz Window Pane. After the test you can Save or Take Printout of the Result Card indicating the Correct as well as Incorrect Answers. For Enjoying the Fun while learning…

QTP – Basic Level Quiz Welcome to the Online Multimedia Quiz to perform a Self Assessment of your Skills of QTP. Each Quiz offers a set of 20 nos. of Multiple Choice Questions, answers of which can be reviewed at the end of the Quiz. Set of all questions along with their respective Right / Wrong Answers can be viewed by clicking on the Dotted / Vertical Button on the Right side of the Quiz Window Pane. After the test you can Save or Take Printout of the Result Card indicating the Correct as well as Incorrect Answers. For Enjoying the Fun while learning through the…

Major Performance Testing Tools Some of the Major Performance testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 1) BugTimer : From bugstompersoftware.com Brief Introduction: It is a performance testing tool designed to streamline the entire process of timing and documenting the performance test results into one Application. It is a timer application, which records, displays, saves, sorts, and prints Performance Test results. 2) DB Stress : From sqledit.com/stress Brief Introduction: It is a utility for stress testing the server parts…

Introduction to HP WinRunner HP / Mercury Interactive’s WinRunner is an automated functional GUI testing tool that allows a user to record and play back UI interactions as test scripts. As a Functional test suite, it works together with HP QuickTest Professional and supports enterprise quality assurance. It is a functional testing software for enterprise IT applications. It captures, verifies and replays user interactions automatically, so you can identify defects and determine whether business processes work as designed. The software implements a proprietary Test Script Language (TSL) which is similar to C Language, that allows customization and parameterization of user…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Difference between Priority and Severity Broad points of variance among Priority & Severity are described below.  Sr.   Priority   Severity  1 It is associated with schedule to resolve e.g. out of many issues to be tackled, which one should be addressed first by the order of its importance or urgency. It is associated with benchmark quality or adherence to standard. It reflects harshness of a quality expectation.  2 Is largely related to Business or Marketing aspect. It is a pointer towards the importance of the bug.…

Successful Automation-Only Tool is not enough In today’s fast paced business environment, test automation has increasingly become a mission-critical activity. Information systems are no longer back room systems. Today’s systems impact the bottom line of a business, give it a competitive advantage and more importantly, are frequently responsible for increasing sales revenue. Consequently, the risks associated with developing these systems have escalated. How can we adequately test a system not only during its development, but also over the life of the system? Frequently, the answer to this question is “all we need is the right tool”. Unfortunately, while automation may…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Need for Test Automation Framework: In today’s scenario, the companies generally depend upon multiple applications which 1) Had been developed to work on different operating systems. 2) Use many different front-end clients. 3) Involve large number of business processes. 4) Interact with several types of data sets. Judiciously testing all possible permutations of such components creates a highly complex testing situation with hundreds or thousands of testing scenarios. Under such situations there comes a need for automating the testing process with the help of automation framework approach,…

Making Software Testing more Effective It is true that all the software projects are not always successful. Reason being that majority of the applications upon their completion land up with many compromises on features which had been planned at the time of kicking of the project & lack many features. In today�s scenarios there is hardly any business house which is not depending upon some software or the other for running its day to day affairs. Billions & Trillion of Dollars worth business transactions are being done every day using commercial software. Hence such businesses largely depending on software applications…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Know All about States of your Bug Various States of a Bug during its Life Cycle: Bug refers to a fault or defect in software program due to which the software behaves abnormally. Truly speaking Bugs are inherent to software, rather it is difficult to find a software without any Bug. Removal of bugs from the software depends upon the efficiency of the testing activity performed on the software. Bug attracts special concerns which reflect on the quality of the Application under Test Life Cycle of Bug: In software…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Role of Various Testing Tools Different Types of Testing Tools are available today. Functions of such tools are briefly described here. However types of various tools are covered in ample details in separate articles. 1) Test Management Tools: Test Management Tools are used to manage the entire testing process. Most of these tools support the activities like: ($) Requirements gathering ($) Test planning ($) Test cases development ($) Test execution and scheduling ($) Analyzing the results obtained after test execution ($) Defect reporting and defect tracking ($) Generation of test reports…

Major Functional Testing Tools – Part – 1 of 3  Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 1) .Test from parasoft.com  Brief Introduction: It is a Unit-testing tool, which automatically tests the classes written on Microsoft’s .NET Framework. Developers do not require writing any test scenario or stub. 2) Abbot Java GUI Test Framework : from abbot.sourceforge.net Brief Introduction: It is an open source tool. It provides automated event generation and validation of Java GUI components,…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** All about Code Coverage-A White Box Testing Technique Let us firstly try to understand as to what is Code coverage. It is a sort of metric meant for the measurement of the testing effort applied to the software application. It is aimed at inspecting the code directly and is therefore a form of white box testing. How do we capture the metrics of code coverage? The process involves Instrumentation of the program and execution of the tests. This way we can identify the code which had been…

Resource related misconceptions about Software Testing Software Testing is usually viewed as a low-grade task in comparison with Software Development. Although software coding is a significant phase in the life cycle of any software product; testing activity & its great significance can�t be undermined. Testing is an extremely important phase of SDLC immediately after which the software product goes into production & flaws in the application come to the surface when the application actually starts functioning in the real world. Therefore, importance of software testing phase just can�t be undermined since this is an important phase where we gain a…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Let us firstly understand as to what Metric is. Metric is a mathematical number which points towards some relationship between two variables. However in software terminology Metric Is a measure which quantifies some property of the software or its specifications. Software Metric can be a reflection on the status under software development cycle or some results etc. Since quantitative methods have proved so powerful in the other sciences, computer science practitioners and theoreticians have brought similar approaches to software development as well. Thus Software Metric is a…

Quality by Software Engg. Perspective Attributes of a Good Quality Software: 1) A Good Quality Software Product: Is the one which meets all the requirements when viewed through customer�s perspective. Hence the prime definition of software quality goes by meeting the needs of the customer or having a clear understanding of all the requirements and expectations of the customer and even exceeding these expectations. If using the software product satisfies the customer, then it is a good quality product otherwise it is not. 2) Customer needs are not always translated into his requirements: Although the software creation team tries their level best…

Philosophy of Software Defect Management Imperfect processes cause most of the software defects. Thus to prevent defects, the development process needs to be overhauled. Software defects are quite expensive. Moreover, the cost of finding and correcting the defects counts as one of the most expensive software development activities. When we are able to foresee the future, it may not be feasible to eliminate the defects entirely. While software defects may be inevitable, still we can minimize their number and their impact on the project. To achieve this the development teams needs to form a sound defect management strategy & implement a…

Qualities of an Automation Environment Expert Organizations include the role of an automation environment expert to boost up its development team. Such role could be performed by the lead Automator for a small project or by some organization, or by an individual from the operations staff itself. To effectively execute his automation tasks, the environment expert would require system access at the administrative level. Responsibilities of an Automation Environment Expert are 1) Initial installation and configuration of the automation tool 2) Design and configuration of the automation tool / test environment for the particular project. The responsibility includes upgrading the…

Responsibilities of a Lead Automator are 1) Design & Development of the automation architecture: working with the test engineers to design and develop a reusable architecture for the test automation. Such architecture usually develops over a passage of time. It provides the automation test engineers with reusable functions, which improve the robustness, reusability, and maintainability of their test scripts. Such architecture allows the test automation engineers to successfully automate with standard tool capabilities and easy to use functions. Which in turn reduces a test team’s training requirements and speeds up their productivity. The lead Automator looks at the reusability of…

Qualities of an Automation Test Engineer Responsibilities of an Automation Test Engineer are 1) Design & Development of the automated scripts. These automated scripts may be developed from the manual scenarios. Such Automated scripts may be captured via the tool or hand coded in the tool’s unique language. 2) Ensuring that the scripts are complete and executable. 3) Maintenance of Scripts, in case the organization requires reusability of test script. 4) Assistance in the execution and verification of the automated script results. This may involve assisting the manual test engineer in locating and interpreting logs and files created by the…

Qualities of a Manual Test Engineer Even with test automation, the manual test engineer remains a key role. Manual test engineer is trained in the test tools so that he can run the automated scripts generated by other team members. This helps a single person or group to run all the tests and verify the results from both the manual and automated tests. Responsibilities of a Manual Test Engineer are 1) Analyzing the project risk & identification of the project requirements 2) Development of documentation to design the overall testing scenarios, and describing the test data requirements to achieve the…