Search Results for: software testing

Manual Testing Study Material Presentations, E-B00ks & Study Material on Software-Testing & Quality Assurance – Prepared by Experts on Testing & QA These Presentations & Study Material are for Free Download on to your PC. Important Steps to Download the Presentations or E-B00ks Step-1: Just Click on the link. You will be taken to an interesting article on Testing. Never Mind. Step-2: On the top of this newly opened page you will find a message Highlighted in Yellow advising you to browse down to the bottom of that page.  Step-3: Just browse down to the extreme bottom of the page & you will find the Hyperlink to download the desired E-B00k or the…

Understanding Software Defects, their Severity & Priority of Resolution Prior to going into details of “Severity & Priority” issues of software defects, let us quickly run through the definition of a “Software Defect or Fault” Software Defect: A software defect is a departure in a software product from its expected properties. These can be 1) Detected defect, 2) Residual Defect or 3) Software Failure Detected Defect: It is a software defect detected prior to installation of the software & before putting into operational use. Detected Residual Defect: It is a software defect delivered into the operational installation, either because it was not detected before…

Various approaches of Regression Testing Regression testing is done to ensure that enhancements or defect fixes made to the software works properly and does not affect the existing functionality. It is usually done during the maintenance phase. As a software system ages, the cost of maintaining the software dominates the overall cost of developing the software. Regression testing is a testing process that is used to determine if a modified program still meets its specifications or if new errors have been introduced. Improvements in the regression testing process would help reduce the cost of software. Points of differences between Regression…

Incremental Testing – The Finest Approach for Testing To be effective, a software tester must be knowledgeable in two key areas like: 1) Software testing techniques. 2) The application under test (AUT). For each new testing assignment, a tester must invest time in learning about the application. A tester with no experience must also learn testing techniques, including general testing concepts and how to define test cases. Our goal is to define a suitable list of tests to perform within a tight deadline. Incremental testing approach uses following 8 stages: Stage – 1: Exploration. Objective: To gain familiarity with the application. Stage…

How to Measure the Progress of Testing? There is no hard & fast strategy to measure the progress of testing process. The target of discovering the errors is not clearly visible. Measurement of test progress is extremely important area, although it is ignored in quite a large number of organizations. The testers are required to provide a convincing reply to their managers when asked about the status of testing. However generally the testers are not well prepared to answer it. The reason of being not adequately equipped to answer this tricky question is that as a general practice in test…

What a Testing Certification really means to you? Why to go in for ISTQB Certification? Two questions come to the mind quite often: “What is so big about Software Testing Certifications?” “Whether experienced testers without a tag of certification are not equally efficient?” The analysis goes like this: The certification offers evidence on the professional abilities of the software testers by the use of specially designed objective or subjective type exams designed by professional stalwarts of the testing domain. While the opinion of James Bach (the renowned testing guru) is: “Certification exams do not measure the quality of a tester.…

Review your Skills on Automated Testing-Through Objective Type Questions Q. 1: Automated testing is A. To automate the manual testing process B. To assure quality of software C. To increase costs D. None of the above <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 2: Automated tools can be used during A. SRS phase B. Design Phase C. Coding phase D. Testing & Maintenance phases E. All of the above <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 3: Testing system with live data is done using A. Static test tools B. Dynamic Test Tools C. Both A. and B. D. None of the above. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>>…

Know the Static Versus Dynamic Testing Tools Since testing is of two types like 1) Static testing 2) Dynamic testing; accordingly the tools used during these testing are also known as 1) Static testing tools 2) Dynamic testing tools Static testing tools seek to support the static testing process whereas dynamic testing tools support dynamic testing process. It may be noted that static testing is different from dynamic testing. Few points of differences among static and dynamic testing are as under:   Static Testing Dynamic Testing 1 Static testing does not require the actual execution of software. Dynamic testing involves…

Methodologies of Software Technical Reviews-STRs Mainly there are following three approaches to Software Technical Reviews or STR’s 1) Walk through (or presentation reviews) 2) Inspection (or work product reviews) 3) Audits 1) Walkthroughs (or Presentation Reviews): The first approach to be described is “walkthroughs”. Walkthroughs are well defined by Yourdon. Walkthroughs can be viewed as presentation reviews in which a review participant, usually the developer of the software being reviewed, narrates a description of the software and the remainder of the review group provides their feedback throughout the presentation. They are also known as the presentation reviews because the bulk…

What are the different approaches to debug the Software Applications Several approaches are being practiced in the industry for debugging software under test (SUT). Some of the approaches are described below. 1) Brute Force Method: This method is most common and least efficient for isolating the cause of a software error. We apply this method when all else fail. In this method, a printout of all registers and relevant memory locations is obtained and studied. All dumps should be well documented and retained for possible use on subsequent problems. 2) Back Tracking Method: It is a quite popular approach of debugging which…

Understanding Software Technical Reviews-STRs A review process can be defined as a critical evaluation of an object. It includes techniques such as walkthroughs, inspections and audits. Most of these approaches involve a group meeting to assess a work product. Software technical reviews can be used to examine all the products of the software evolution process. In particular, they are especially applicable and necessary for those products not yet in machine-processable form, such as requirements or specifications written in natural language. What is the rationale behind STRs? A) Error Prone Software Development and Maintenance Process: The complexity and error-prone nature of…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Ins and Outs of Software VandV Planning-SVVP The development of a comprehensive V&V plan is essential to the success of a project. This plan must be developed early in the project. Depending on the development approach followed, multiple levels of test plans may be developed, corresponding to various levels of V&V activities. IEEE 83b has documented the guidelines for the contents of system, software, build and module test plans. Following steps are followed for SVVP Step – 1: Identification of V&V Goals: V&V goals must be identified…

Role of Load Testing in Performance Testing approach & its best practices Before taking up the issue of Load Testing in Performance Testing approach let us firstly try to understand as to why we should do the Performance Testing? Performance testing is usually carried out to discover different bottlenecks or risks associated with the system. The type of risks can have varying impact on the business in terms of added expenses, loss of opportunity, project delays and even the reputation of the organization may be at stake. The performance testing is a part of software testing that helps us in…

Correct Answers to Objective Type Questions on Black Box Testing are at the end of this page: Review your Skills on Black Box Testing-Through Descriptive Questions Q. 1: Why we need to perform both types of testings like Functional as well as Structural Testing? A functional (Black Box) test case might be taken from the documentation description of how to perform a certain function. For example, accepting the bar code input. On the other hand, a structural test case might be taken from a technical documentation manual. Both methods together validate the entire system and is shown in Table below…

Review your Skills on Black Box Testing-Through Objective Type Questions Q. 1: Which is not a functional testing technique? A. BVA B. Decision table C. Regression testing D. None of the above. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 2: One weakness of BVA and Equivalence Partitioning is A. They are not effective B. They do not explore combinations of input circumstances C. They explore combinations of input circumstances D. None of the above. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 3: Decision tables are useful in situation where A. An action is taken under varying sets of corditions B. Number of combinations of actions are…

Benefit analysis-Manual versus Automated Testing Both Manual Testing & Automated Testing have several pros & cons, which are briefly discussed here. Problems with Manual Testing: Some of the problems with manual testing are: 1) Less Reliable: Manual testing is not reliable, as there is no yardstick available to find out whether the actual and expected results have been compared. We just rely on the tester’s words. 2) High Risk: A manual testing process is subject to high risks of oversights and mistakes. People get tired, they may be temporarily inattentive, they may have too many tasks on hand, they may be insufficiently trained…

What are the prime considerations in Automated Testing? Automation makes life easier for testers for better reproduction of test results, coverage and reduction in effort. With automation we can produce better and more effective metrics that can help in understanding the state of health of a product in a quantifiable way, thus taking us to the next change. As a widely accepted industry practice, following considerations are kept in mind while performing testing with automated tools: 1) Clear and reasonable expectations should be established in order to know what can and what cannot be accomplished with automated testing in the…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** What skills are needed for Automated Testing The skills required depends on what generation of automation the company is in. 1) Capture / playback and test harness tools (first generation). 2) Data driven tools (second generation). 3) Action driven (third generation). The three generations upon which the skills depend are described below one by one 1) Capture / Playback and Test Harness Tools: One of the most boring and time-consuming activity during testing life cycle is to rerun manual tests number of times. Here, capture/playback tools are…

How do we compare Software Verification and Validation-V and V Software verification and validation (V&V) is a technical discipline of systems engineering. According to Stauffer and Fuji, Software V&V is “a process of systems engineering which employs a rigorous methodology for doing the evaluation of the correctness & quality of a software product all across the software life cycle.” According to Dr. Berry Boehm, Software V&V is performed in parallel with the software development and not at the conclusion of the software development. However, both verification and validation are different. Let us tabulate the differences between them.   Verification Validation…

Effective Strategies of Unit Testing Place of Unit Testing in Software Development Life Cycle: This is the first and the most important level of testing. Its need begins from the moment a programmer develops a unit of code. Every unit is tested for various scenarios. Detecting and fixing bugs during early stages of the Software Lifecycle helps reduce costly fixes later on. It is much more economical to find and eliminate the bugs during early stages of application building process. Hence Unit Testing is the most important of all the testing levels. As the software project progresses ahead it becomes…

New Era of migration from Keyword Driven Testing to Business Process Testing Being a part of evolution, the software industry migrated to test automation from conventional manual testing. However now the time has come when the industry is approaching another milestone of Business Process Automation. BPT is another step ahead of Keyword Driven Automation testing. What is the new approach all about? In this emerging approach of Business Process Automation, the Functional Subject Matter Experts find the automation frameworks more handy & meaningful due to their continued involvement right from the beginning. This way the test automation process turns towards being more…

Broad Comparison among typical Web Application Project & Conventional Software Project has been drawn in the form of short questions or issues, which need to be resolved.   Sr. Web Application Project Conventional Software Project 1 Gathering user requirements:# What services are we going to offer our customers? # What is the best user interface and navigation to reach the most important pageswith a minimum of clicks?# What are the cunenttrends and hot technologies?This is typically based on discussions, notes and ideas. Gathering user requirements:   # What are we going to build?   # How does it compare to…

Essential Elements of Testing Web Applications Today everyone depends upon websites for business, education and trading purpose. Websites are related to the internet. It is believed that no work is possible without internet today. There are so many types of users connected to the websites who need different type of information. So, websites should respond according to the user requirements. At the same time, the correct behaviour of sites has become crucial to the success of businesses and organizations and thus should be tested thoroughly and frequently. Here we are discussing various methods to test a website. However, testing a…

Non Functional Testing of Web Applications Non Functional or White Box Testing of Web Applications invove either or all of the following seven types of testing 1) Configuration Testing: This type of test includes 2) Usability Testing 3) Performance Testing 4) Scalability Testing 5) Security Testing 6) Recoverability Testing 7) Reliability Testing Let us discuss each types of these testings in detail 1) Configuration Testing: This type of test includes a) The operating system platforms used. b) The type of network connection. c) Internet service provider type. d) Browser used (including version). The real work for this type of test is…

How to Know when should we Stop our Testing All testers come across this typical question as to �when to stop� testing. Fact is that testing can never be considered complete. We can never be able to prove scientifically that our software system is free from errors now. Most Common Criteria Practiced in the software industry goes by the statement 1) Stop the testing when the committed / planned testing deadlines are about to expire. 2) Stop the testing when we are not able to detect any more errors even after execution of all the planned test Cases.We can see that both the above…

Functional Testing The only Answer to Quality Functional Testing refers to the type of testing which ensures that all functional requirements are met without any consideration to the final program structure. Functional Testing confirms that the application under development is capable to deliver as per user requirements. Functional Testing emulates the actions performed by the user and ensures that all execution paths are operating perfectly as desired in addition we are able to get the desired for the inputs supplied to the system.Following Six types of functional testing can be deployed to ensure the good quality of the final product.…

Understand the Best Practices in Testing Whenever anyone aims to research the process of software development, the famous age old statement comes to the forefront i.e. “Avoid reinventing a wheel & follow the industry vide best practices” The mantra of following the best practices adopted & advocated by the practitioners of the past comes up again. Such best practices are by and large classified under three categories: A) Basic B) Foundational C) Incremental A) Basic Practices:  Basics are the stepping stones, which guide us in our march towards adoption of newer practices emerging from the older ones. While adopting the newer…

Introduction to Black Box Testing Techniques Firstly let us understand the meaning of Black Box Testing. The term ‘Black Box’ refers to the software, which is treated as a black box. By treating it as a black box, we mean that the system or source code is not checked at all. It is done from customer’s viewpoint. The test engineer engaged in black box testing only knows the set of inputs and expected outputs and is unaware of how those inputs are transformed into outputs by the software. Types of Black Box Testing Techniques: Following techniques are used for performing black…

Review your Skills on Gray Box Testing-through Descriptive Questions (Answers to Objective Type Questions on Gray Box Testing – are available at the end of this article)   Q. 1: What is the reason that Gray-box testing is based on requirement based test case generation? Gray-box testing uses assertion methods to preset all the conditions required, prior to a program being tested. Formal testing is one of the commonly used techniques for ensuring that a core program is correct to a very large degree. It the requirement specification language is being used to specify the requirement, it would be easy…

Review your Skills on Gray Box Testing-through Objective Type Questions Q. 1: When both black-box and white-box testing strategies are required to test a software then we can apply A. Gray box testing B. Mutation testing C. Regression testing D. None of the above. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 2: Which of the following is true A.0.2pt”>Three is no such testing named as gray-box testing B. Gray-box testing is well suited for web applications C. Gray-box is same as white-box only D. None of the above. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 3: Gray-box testing is also known as A. Opaque-box testing B. Clear-box testing C. Translucent testing D. None of the above. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q.…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Let us know all About Gray Box Testing Code coverage testing involves “Dynamic Testing” methods of executing the product with pre�written test cases and finding out how much of code has been covered. If a better coverage of a code is desired, several iterations of testing may be required. For every iteration, one has to write a new set of test cases for covering those portions of code that were not covered by earlier test cases. To do such type of testing, not only does one need…

All about White Box Testing Firstly let us understand the meaning of White Box Testing. White box testing is a way of testing the external functionality of the code by examining and testing the program code that realizes the external functionality. It is a methodology to design the test cases that uses the control structure of the application to design test cases. White box testing is used to test the program code, code structure and the internal design flow. A number of defects get amplified because of incorrect translation of requirements and design into program code. Let us see different…

Approaches to Code Complexity Testing-Cyclomatic Complexity Two questions coming to mind while doing the code complexity testing are: Question – 1: Which of the paths are independent? If two paths are not independent, then we may be able to minimize the number of tests. Question – 2: Is there any limit on the number of tests that must be run to ensure that all the statements have been executed at least once? The answer to the above questions is a metric that quantifies the complexity of a program and is known as Cyclomatic Complexity. It is also known as structural complexity because it…

Check your Skills on White Box Testing-through Objective Type Questions (Set of 10 Questions) Q. 1: A testing which checks the internal logic of the program is A. Black box testing B. White box testing C. Both (A) and (B) D. None of the above <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 2: The Cyclomatic Complexity, V(G) was developed by A. Howard B. McCabe C. Boehm D. None of the above. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 3: A node with in degree = 0 and out degree � 0 is known as A. Source node B. Destination node C. Transfer node D. None of…

Check your Skills on White Box Testing – through Descriptive Questions (Set of 13 Questions) (Answers to Objective Type Questions on White Box Testing – are available at the end of this article) Q. 1: What are Test Coverage Analyzers? Coverage analyzers are a class of test tools that offer automated support for this approach to testing management. With this tool, the tester runs a set of test cases on a program that has been instrumented by the coverage analyzer. The analyzer then uses the information produced by the instrumentation code to generate a coverage report. For example, in case…

Know the Basic White Box Testing Techniques based upon Code Coverage Some of the basic testing techniques based on code coverage are as under. 1) Statement Coverage 2) Path Coverage 3) Condition Coverage 4) Function Coverage 1) Statement Coverage: In most of the programming languages, the program construct may be a sequential control flow, a two-way decision statement like if � then � else, a multi-way decision statement like switch or even loops like while, do, repeat until and for. Statement coverage refers to writing test cases that execute each of the program statements. We assume that “more the code covered, the…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Comparison among Black Box Testing and White Box Testing Techniques Let us firstly see as to what are the meanings of the terms like ” Black Box” or “White Box” What is Black Box Testing: The term “Black Box” refers to the software, which is treated as a Black Box. By treating it as a Black Box, we mean that the system or source code is not checked at all. It is done from the customer�s viewpoint. The test engineer engaged in Black Box testing only knows…

All About Performance Testing – The Best Acceptance Criteria First of all, let us see what is the meaning of the term “Performance Testing”: For general engineering practice, “Performance Testing” refers to evaluation & measurement of functional characteristics of an individual, a system, a product or any material. However in software industry parlance, the term “Performance Testing” widely refers to the evaluation & measurement of functional effectiveness of a software system or a component, as regards its reliability, scalability, efficiency, interoperability & its stability under load. These days a new science by the name “Performance Engineering” is emerging in IT…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page ********************************************************************************** Know the Regression Testing & its Best Practices First of all let us see the meaning of the term Regression Testing According to Wikipedia, “Regression testing is any type of software testing which seeks to uncover software regressions”. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working as intended. Typically regressions occur as an unintended consequence of program changes. Common methods of regression testing include re-running previously run tests and checking whether previously fixed faults have re-emerged. Concluding Definition of “Regression Testing”: It…

Ultimately how to chose between Automated Testing and Manual Testing Choice between Automated Testing and Manual Testing can be based upon careful consideration of following factors 1) Based upon the frequency of use of Test Cases: Automating a test case requires almost 3-4 times the effort as compared to manual execution of it once. To draw benefit out of significant investment in the automation tool, we should be able to execute the automation script the maximum number of times or at least 7-8 times. There is no worthwhile idea of going in for an automation tool for short-term product, which can be…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page **************************************************************************************** Non Functional Testing Aim of Non Functional Testing: Such tests are aimed to verify the non-functionality factors related to the customer expectations. Following testing techniques are employed to validate the various non-functionality factors. 1) Usability Test or User interface Testing: To verify the user friendliness of the application is known as Usability Test, which is aimed to verify the following factors. a) Adequacy of look and feel factors like back ground color, font size, spelling mistakes etc.. b) Adequacy of alignment of various controls.c) Ease of Navigation.…

Practical ways to prepare yourself for a career in testing Few points given below are adequate to provide seed thoughts or tips to get you started on the way to a career in software testing. Tips for starting a career in testing: Pursue your line of study & strive to acquire maximum IT exposure in your field of study. Other testers can be of great help in your endeavor. Have discussions with other testers and you can get fairly good idea about their jobs in terms of both technically as well as from the job satisfaction point of view. Keep…

Questions Constantly being probed by Testing Managers during SDLC Software Testing is a specialization. Fact is that there are more specializations within testing itself. Managers of major organizations are constantly striving to make their software testing efforts increasingly effective day by day. With this view managers or testers are constantly probing the answers to the following questions during every stage of the SDLC. But getting an outright answer to these questions is not easy & needs further efforts on the project�s testing initiatives. 1) What should be the detailed testing tasks for this stage in SDLC? 2) How many persons…

Pointers to Effective Validation Testing described by a Good Manager to a New Tester An efficient Software Testing process comprises of two indispensable elements like its Verification and Its Validation. Verification testing takes place while the product is being created and has great influence on the quality of the product being created. Whereas Validation testing takes place after the product has been created. Verification is generally stressed upon by everyone; however it is rarely practiced due to being quite subjective and intangible as well as due to usual extremely tight deadlines of product delivery. Following pointers describe the validation testing…

How to Design a Good Test Case for Performance Testing A test case ideal for performance testing has a prime aim of establishing the level of performance delivered by the present system. The gathered information is helpful in doing benchmarking in future. Every test case related to the performance requirements essentially describes all inputs to the system as well as all outputs expected from the system. At the time of designing the performance test cases, following important factors are given adequate consideration: 1) Capacity Handled: refers to the maximum amount, which can be handled, or can be produced, or can completely…

How Can I say that My Software is Correct This is a typical question coming to the mind of every programmer / tester. However to get an answer for it, we must try to understand as to how the software can fail. Failure of a piece of software is generally implied as its non-conformance to the requirements. Software failure can be due to many faults, few of which are given below. Error or incompleteness in the requirements. Difficulty in implementing the specification in the target environment. Faulty system or program design. Defects in the code In view of the variety…

Software Development Models at a Glance As an evolutionary process, Software Professionals have formulated Six Types of Development Models, brief outline of each of them is being described herewith. 1) Waterfall Model 2) Prototype Model 3) Evolutionary Model 4) Spiral Model 5) Fish Model 6) V  Model 1) Waterfall Model: It is a sequential software development model in which the entire process of software development is seen as flowing steadily downwards like a waterfall through many distinct process phases like requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing, integration, and maintenance.   Pros of Waterfall Model: # A simple and easy to maintain model.…

SDLC-Software Development Life Cycle Software products, which don’t happen to be user friendly just, don’t find any place in a highly competitive market of this modern era, although they might have been developed with the help of the best available technology. The ease of use of the product is of paramount importance compared to its internal technology, which the customer is not going to see. Thus for the creation of Innovative Software products, the Development Life Cycle undergoes six phases like: 1) Initial Phase 2) Analysis Phase 3) Design phase 4) Coding Phase 5) Testing Phase 6) Delivery and Maintenance phase…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Various Approaches in Integration Testing Introduction to Integration Testing: When the modules are under the process of development, the developers develop some interfaces and integrate the module with the help of those interfaces. Here integration is the process of assembling unit-tested modules. We need to test the following aspects, which have not been addressed previously while independently testing the modules: Interfaces: To ensure “interface integrity,” the transfer of data between modules is tested. When data is passed to another module, by way of a call, there should…

Major Functional Testing Tools-Part 3 Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 61) Soapui: From soapui.org Brief Introduction: It is a functional and load testing tool for desktop application & web services over HTTP. It is helpful to developers / testers using web services like java & .net, etc. Functional and Load-Testing can be done interactively as well as within automated build / integration process using the command-line tools. Basic…

This is the Part – 2 of 3  Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 31) JFunc:JUnit Functional Testing Extension;From jfunc.sourceforge.net Brief Introduction: It is an open source tool. It is an extension to the JUnit testing framework to make it easier for use with functional tests. Functional testing (also called integration testing) significantly differs from unit testing in a number of respects. Part of this project is dedicated…

Major Functional Testing Tools – Part – 1 of 3  Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 1) .Test from parasoft.com  Brief Introduction: It is a Unit-testing tool, which automatically tests the classes written on Microsoft’s .NET Framework. Developers do not require writing any test scenario or stub. 2) Abbot Java GUI Test Framework : from abbot.sourceforge.net   Brief Introduction: It is an open source tool. It provides automated event generation and validation of Java GUI components,…

Major Performance Testing Tools Some of the Major Performance testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 1) BugTimer : From bugstompersoftware.com Brief Introduction: It is a performance testing tool designed to streamline the entire process of timing and documenting the performance test results into one Application. It is a timer application, which records, displays, saves, sorts, and prints Performance Test results. 2) DB Stress : From sqledit.com/stress Brief Introduction: It is a utility for stress testing the server parts…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Role of Various Testing Tools Different Types of Testing Tools are available today. Functions of such tools are briefly described here. However types of various tools are covered in ample details in separate articles. 1) Test Management Tools: Test Management Tools are used to manage the entire testing process. Most of these tools support the activities like: ($) Requirements gathering ($) Test planning ($) Test cases development ($) Test execution and scheduling ($) Analyzing the results obtained after test execution ($) Defect reporting and defect tracking ($) Generation of test reports…

Major Functional Testing Tools – Part – 1 of 3  Some of the Major Functional testing tools are listed in alphabetical order below. If any one knows any other tool as well, please send details to us, so as to enable us to include the same in this list. 1) .Test from parasoft.com  Brief Introduction: It is a Unit-testing tool, which automatically tests the classes written on Microsoft’s .NET Framework. Developers do not require writing any test scenario or stub. 2) Abbot Java GUI Test Framework : from abbot.sourceforge.net Brief Introduction: It is an open source tool. It provides automated event generation and validation of Java GUI components,…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** All about Code Coverage-A White Box Testing Technique Let us firstly try to understand as to what is Code coverage. It is a sort of metric meant for the measurement of the testing effort applied to the software application. It is aimed at inspecting the code directly and is therefore a form of white box testing. How do we capture the metrics of code coverage? The process involves Instrumentation of the program and execution of the tests. This way we can identify the code which had been…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Let us firstly understand as to what Metric is. Metric is a mathematical number which points towards some relationship between two variables. However in software terminology Metric Is a measure which quantifies some property of the software or its specifications. Software Metric can be a reflection on the status under software development cycle or some results etc. Since quantitative methods have proved so powerful in the other sciences, computer science practitioners and theoreticians have brought similar approaches to software development as well. Thus Software Metric is a…

Quality by Software Engg. Perspective Attributes of a Good Quality Software: 1) A Good Quality Software Product: Is the one which meets all the requirements when viewed through customer�s perspective. Hence the prime definition of software quality goes by meeting the needs of the customer or having a clear understanding of all the requirements and expectations of the customer and even exceeding these expectations. If using the software product satisfies the customer, then it is a good quality product otherwise it is not. 2) Customer needs are not always translated into his requirements: Although the software creation team tries their level best…

Philosophy of Software Defect Management Imperfect processes cause most of the software defects. Thus to prevent defects, the development process needs to be overhauled. Software defects are quite expensive. Moreover, the cost of finding and correcting the defects counts as one of the most expensive software development activities. When we are able to foresee the future, it may not be feasible to eliminate the defects entirely. While software defects may be inevitable, still we can minimize their number and their impact on the project. To achieve this the development teams needs to form a sound defect management strategy & implement a…

Qualities of a Manual Test Engineer Even with test automation, the manual test engineer remains a key role. Manual test engineer is trained in the test tools so that he can run the automated scripts generated by other team members. This helps a single person or group to run all the tests and verify the results from both the manual and automated tests. Responsibilities of a Manual Test Engineer are 1) Analyzing the project risk & identification of the project requirements 2) Development of documentation to design the overall testing scenarios, and describing the test data requirements to achieve the…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Discover the Power of LoadRunner for Performance Testing Prior to understanding the LoadRunner as a performance-testing tool, let us understand a few basics of the Performance Testing as such. Performance Testing is the process of testing and fine tuning the software application in line with the intent of realizing the desired performance. Performance Testing is a part of Performance Engineering Domain. It covers commonly referred term load or spike or stress testing and validating the system performance. Usually there are Three main Categories of Performance like: Speed – Is…

Pros and Cons of Automated Testing Introduction to Automated testing: “Automated Testing” means automating the manual testing process currently in use. The prime requirement is of presence of a formalized “manual testing process” in the organization. Automation refers to the use of strategies & tools which augment or reduce the need of manual or human involvement in unskilled, repetitive or redundant tasks. Automation process includes � Creation of detailed test cases, including predictable “expected results”, which have been derived from Business Functional Specifications and other Design documentation. A standalone Test Environment, including a Test Database that is restorable to a…

Ins and Outs of Software Quality Management According to ISO 8204, Quality is defined as: Totality of characteristics of an entity that bears on its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs. Introduction to sound Quality Management System: Software Quality Management involves set of pre-defined processes which are aimed to ensure that the Software Project would reach its goals. Or it can be said that the Software Project would meet the clients expectations. The Software Quality Management comprises of following three key elements 1) Quality Planning: Quality Planning is the most important step in Software Quality Management. In the Planning…

Classification Among Testing Before delving on various types of Testing, let us firstly understand the basic definitions of Software Testing Definition of Testing: Software Testing carries many definitions as explained by various practitioners. Definition  1: Testing is a process in which the defects are identified, isolated (separated), subjected (sending) for rectification and ensured that the product is defect free in order to produce a quality product in the end and hence customer satisfaction. Definition  2: Testing is the process of executing a software program with the intent of finding errors. Definition  3: Testing is the process of Verifying and validating the software application with respect…

White Box Testing – Introduction: White Box Testing Involves tests based upon coverage of code statements, branches, paths & conditions. For White Box testing, it is essential that the software tester should have in-depth knowledge of internal logic of an application’s code. Here the software tester uses his explicit knowledge of the internal workings of the item being tested to select the test data & uses his specific knowledge of programming code to examine the outputs. The white box test is accurate only if the tester knows what the program is supposed to do. He or she can then see…

Usability Testing or Usability Engineering Understanding Usability Engineering: Usability Engineering is an empirical science and has quite a simple definition. It studies the human interaction and cognitive behavior of an individual with respect to performing a task. It could be as simple as a driving a vehicle or using a product. Users interaction in performing a task should be in synchronization with the workflow of the product. Usability Engineering as a science helps in achieving this goal. Usability for a Product: A Product should be usable. It means that people can use a product easily and efficiently to accomplish their own…

Unit Testing: In software engineering, unit testing is a test (often automated) that validates that individual units of source code are working properly. A unit is the smallest testable part of an application. In procedural programming a unit may be an individual program, function, procedure, etc., while in object-oriented programming, the smallest unit is a method, which may belong to a base / super class, abstract class or derived / child class. Ideally, each test case is independent from the others; Double objects like stubs, mock or fake objects as well as test harnesses can be used to assist testing…

System Testing: System testing of software or hardware is testing conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the system’s compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the scope of black box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of the inner design of the code or logic. As a rule, system testing takes, as its input, all of the “integrated” software components that have successfully passed integration testing and also the software system itself integrated with any applicable hardware system(s). The purpose of integration testing is to detect any inconsistencies between the software units that are…

Stress Testing: Stress testing is a form of testing that is used to determine the stability of a given system or entity. It involves testing beyond normal operational capacity, often to a breaking point, in order to observe the results. Stress testing may have a more specific meaning in certain industries. In software testing, stress testing often refers to tests that put a greater emphasis on robustness, availability, and error handling under a heavy load, rather than on what would be considered correct behavior under normal circumstances. In particular, the goals of such tests may be to ensure the software…

Smoke Testing: Smoke testing is a term used in plumbing, woodwind repair, electronics, and computer software development. It refers to the first test made after repairs or first assembly to provide some assurance that the system under test will not catastrophically fail. After a smoke test proves that the pipes will not leak, the keys seal properly, the circuit will not burn, or the software will not crash outright, the assembly is ready for more stressful testing. In software testing area, smoke testing is a preliminary to further testing, which should reveal simple failures severe enough to reject a prospective…

Security Testing: Security Testing is the process to determine that an IS (Information System) protects data and maintains functionality as intended. The six basic security concepts that need to be covered by security testing are as under. 1) Confidentiality: ($) A security measure which protects against the disclosure of information to parties other than the intended recipient that is by no means the only way of ensuring confidentiality. 2) Integrity: ($) A measure intended to allow the receiver to determine that the information which it receives has not been altered in transit or by other than the originator of the…

Sanity Testing: A sanity test or sanity check is a basic test to quickly evaluate the validity of a claim or calculation. In mathematics, for example, when dividing by three or nine, verifying that the sum of the digits of the result is a multiple of 3 or 9 (casting out nines) respectively is a sanity test. In computer science it is a very brief run-through of the functionality of a computer program, system, calculation, or other analysis, to assure that the system or methodology works as expected, often prior to a more exhaustive round of testing In software development,…

Regression Testing: Regression testing is any type of software testing which seeks to uncover regression bugs. Regression bugs occur whenever software functionality that previously worked as desired, stops working or no longer works in the same way that was previously planned. Typically regression bugs occur as an unintended consequence of program changes. After modifying software, either for a change in functionality or to fix defects, a regression test re-runs previously passing tests on the modified software to ensure that the modifications haven’t unintentionally caused a regression of previous functionality. These regression tests are often automated. More specific forms of regression…

Recovery Testing: Recovery testing is the activity of testing how well the software is able to recover from crashes, hardware failures and other similar problems. Recovery testing is the forced failure of the software in a variety of ways to verify that recovery is properly performed. Recovery testing should not be confused with Reliability testing, which is tries to discover the point at which failure occurs. Some the examples of recovery testing are: 1) While the application running, suddenly restart the computer and after that check the validness of application’s data integrity; 2) While application receives data from the network,…

Mutation Testing: Mutation testing (sometimes also called mutation analysis) is a method of software testing, which involves modifying program’s source code in small ways. These, so-called mutations, are based on well-defined mutation operators that either mimic typical user mistakes (such as using the wrong operator or variable name) or force the creation of valuable tests (such as driving each expression to zero). The purpose is to help the tester develop effective tests or locate weaknesses in the test data used for the program or in sections of the code that are seldom or never accessed during execution. Pioneered in the…

Load Testing: Load testing is the process of creating demand on a system or device and measuring its response. In software engineering it is a blanket term that is used in many different ways across the professional software testing community. Load testing generally refers to the practice of modeling the expected usage of a software program by simulating multiple users accessing the program’s services concurrently. As such, this testing is most relevant for multi-user systems, often one built using a client/server model, such as web servers. However, other types of software systems can be load-tested also. For example, a word…

Integration Testing: Integration testing (sometimes called Integration and Testing, abbreviated as I&T) is the phase of software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested as a group. It follows unit testing and precedes system testing. Integration testing takes as its input modules that have been unit tested, groups them in larger aggregates, applies tests defined in an integration test plan to those aggregates, and delivers as its output the integrated system ready for system testing. Purpose of Integration Testing: The purpose of integration testing is to verify functional, performance and reliability requirements placed on major design items.…

Glass Box Testing: Glass Box Testing is an exact contrast of Black Box testing & is structural testing, where test data are derived from direct examination of the code to be tested. Glass-box test design allows one to peek inside the “box”, and it focuses specifically on using internal knowledge of the software to guide the selection of test data. This type of structural testing is sometimes referred to as clear-box testing since white boxes are considered opaque and do not really permit visibility into the code. For glass box testing, the test cases cannot be determined until the code…

Exploratory Testing: Exploratory testing is the tactical pursuit of software faults and defects driven by challenging assumptions. It is an approach in software testing with simultaneous learning, test design and test execution. While the software is being tested, the tester learns things that together with experience and creativity generates new good tests to run. Exploratory testing has similarities to ad hoc testing. Description: Exploratory testing seeks to find out how the software actually works, and to ask questions about how it will handle difficult and easy cases. The testing is dependent on the tester’s skill of inventing test cases and…

End To End Testing What is End To End (E2E) Testing? Many subsystems are tested in isolation. This is fine for many scenarios that are local to that subsystem, but there are some scenarios that cross the boundary of several subsystems. This is good because a lot of testing can be done in isolation but at some point a complete end to end test needs to be carried out on the whole system. Problems and Issues: Unfortunately a lot of testing of complex systems is carried out manually because the level of effort to automate the E2E test is considered…

Dynamic Testing: Dynamic testing (or dynamic analysis) is a term used in software engineering to describe the testing of the dynamic behavior of code. That is, dynamic analysis refers to the examination of the physical response from the system to variables that are not constant and change with time. In dynamic testing the software must actually be compiled and run; this is in contrast to static testing. Dynamic testing is the validation portion of Verification and Validation. Some of dynamic testing methodologies include unit testing, integration testing, system testing and acceptance testing. Dynamic Testing involves working with the software, giving…

Compatibility Testing: Compatibility testing is used to determine if your software application has issues related to how it functions in concert with the operating system and different types of system hardware and software. What is the purpose of Compatibility Testing? Your internal QA department has done all it can to ensure that your software functions as designed. The light is shining at the end of the development tunnel; your product is nearing completion, and the release deadline is rapidly approaching. You know that the application functions on all of your in-house computers. What about the myriad of computer systems of…

Client Server Testing : Client-Server Testing Technology Client Server Software : Client-server software requires specific forms of testing to prevent or predict catastrophic errors. Servers go down, records lock, I/O (Input/Output) errors and lost messages can really cut into the benefits of adopting this network technology. Testing addresses system performance and scalability by understanding how systems respond to increased workloads and what causes them to fail. Software testing is more than just review. It involves the dynamic analysis of the software being tested. It instructs the software to perform tasks and functions in a virtual environment. This examines compatibility, capability, efficiency,…

Black Box Testing – Introduction : Black-Box Testing Involves tests based upon specifications requirements and functionality. For Black Box testing, the software tester need not have any knowledge of internal design of the software or its code being tested. Due to this reason, the tester and the programmer can be independent of each other, avoiding programmer bias toward his own work. During black box testing, the tester would only know the “legal” inputs and what the expected outputs should be, but he need not know as to how the program actually arrives at those outputs. Due to the nature of black box testing,…

Ad-hoc Testing: Ad hoc testing is a commonly used term for software testing performed without planning and documentation. The tests are intended to be run only once, unless a defect is discovered. Ad hoc testing is a part of exploratory testing, being the least formal of test methods. In this view, ad hoc testing has been criticized because it isn’t structured, but this can also be a strength: important things can be found quickly. It is performed with improvisation, the tester seeks to find bugs with any means that seem appropriate. It contrasts to regression testing that looks for a…

Acceptance Testing Acceptance testing is the customer or the end user evaluation of the system, primarily to determine whether the system meets their needs and expectations. Generally the customer does the Acceptance Testing with the assistance from developers. Customers can evaluate the system either by conducting a benchmark test or by a pilot test. The benchmark test involves evaluation of system performance against the test cases, which represent typical conditions under which the system will operate when actually installed. The pilot test involves installation of the system on an experimental basis, and the system is then evaluated against everyday working.…

Tutorial-2 How to design a Scenario for Load testing using HP-LoadRunner A suggestion of great value: Before practicing these Tutorials on “LoadRunner � from HP”, it is recommended that you acquire a preliminary working knowledge of using this wonderful tool. This can be easily attained by careful study of the “Frequently Asked Questions � FAQ�s” brought to you by this web site for the first time by Clicking on the following link: Learn the Basics of HP LoadRunner through FAQ’s <<<<<<<< =========== >>>>>>>> Brief Introduction of Scenario: A scenario is a file containing all the information about groups of Vusers which emulate human users during…

Introduction When we hear the word ‘Robotic’ – the first impression that comes to our mind is a humanized machine with limbs working for us with a single aim of replacing the manpower. Though a reference to ‘Robots’ and ‘Automation’ is there, but RPA (Robotic Process Automation) can be considered more as ‘Software Robots’ or ‘bots’.  These bots help industries around the world, and in all the sectors to achieve greater efficiencies by replacing monotonous, time-consuming, human-oriented processes. Businesses today are opting for more and more automation by using automation technologies like RPA and AI (Artificial Intelligence). Let us delve…

This article is for the software tester who is seeking to explore more or a beginner/novice who wants to pursue a career in Software testing. Here we will have the historical preview of Selenium, its journey through times – from its advent in 2004, till the latest version of Selenium 4 (2020). First, let us see what this Selenium is. What is Selenium and Why Selenium? Simply putting, Selenium is an open-source testing suite for testing web applications across different browsers and platforms. It is a free tool preferred because of its automation features which makes writing test cases and…

Selenium is an open source testing tool which automates web browser actions. It provides tools that can interact with browser and can automate browser actions like click, input, select, navigate etc with the help of scripts. There are many testing tools available in the market like UFT, TestComplete etc. But now a days majority of people prefer Selenium as it is an open source Automation testing tool. You can download it for free. You need not pay to use this tool. This open source feature makes it one of the hottest tools in the market as everyone is looking to…

Hello readers. Today we will see 2 incredibly free tools to create a visually appealing resume. You want to stand out from the crowd while you are applying for Software Testing jobs. Hence a lot of Testing professionals are preferring visual resumes to stay in the competition in the job market. What Is A Visual Resume? Times are changing and so is the style for making resumes. A professionally crafted visual resume gets almost 50% of your work done in the first place which mean your first impression is quite impressive. Go through your resume for 10 seconds and if…

Katalon Studio versus Selenium Katalon Studio is a free and open-source test automation solution that strengthens Selenium’s core engine. Initially, the tool was built on top of Selenium so it inherits several functionalities of Selenium. Nevertheless, Katalon Studio has not been considered as a Selenium wrapper, but a powerful Selenium alternative. This blog post will compare between Katalon Studio and other Selenium-based frameworks by covering target users, deployment, scripting language support, and more. 1. Target Users When testing with Selenium and Appium, coding skill is a must since their testing libraries are complicated. Before starting to write a test case,…

ISTQB Certifications-Complete Information You would like to Have in One Place   Download the most exhaustive Self Learn Study Material cum Full-Fledged Crash Courses for ISTQB Certification Exams as per the latest syllabus. The study material covers Certification Exams for Foundation Level, Agile Tester Extension as well as Advanced CTAL level exams for Test Managers, Test Analysts & Technical Test Analysts. Complete Study Material – ISTQB Certified Tester Foundation Level Exam   Glossary of Terms Ver. 2.2 (Common for All ISTQB Exams) – Download PDF ISTQB Syllabus Foundation Level Ver. 2011 – Download PDF Twelve Top Questions about ISTQB Certification…

Hello Friends !!!! Whether you are a beginner or an expert in Testing and QA, this is the single point for getting all resources to prepare for the job Interviews. General Interview Preparation Questions Irrespective of the fact whether you are a tester or some other professional, just practice these questions before attending any interview & you will be better prepared to face the challenge. Most Common Interview questions asked by HR Personnel Bit Tricky Interview questions asked by HR Personnel How to get ready for a Telephonic Interview Tips from Experts for sure shot success in Interview Behavioural Quiz…

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Long journey of QTP/UFT It is well known that QTP (QuickTest Professional) is not a new invention by HP. It was in place under the name of WinRunner from Mercury Interactive, before Hewlett Packard (HP) acquired it in 2006. Since inception in 1998 it had been one of the favourites of test automation engineers since its long journey of over a dozen versions beginning V5.5 to the last version V11.0. In 2012 HP integrated QTP – QuickTest Professional (GUI testing tool) and ST – Service Test (API testing tool) into a single package and that was the time when journey…

Learning Resources Hello Friends !!!! Whether you are a beginner or an expert in Testing and QA, this is the single point for getting all resources to prepare for the job Interviews. General Interview Preparation Questions Irrespective of the fact whether you are a tester or some other professional, just practice these questions before attending any interview & you will be better prepared to face the challenge. Most Common Interview questions asked by HR Personnel Bit Tricky Interview questions asked by HR Personnel How to get ready for a Telephonic Interview Tips from Experts for sure shot success in Interview…

The Prime Minister Mr. Narendra Modi on 19th February 2018 (Monday) unveiled through video conference, Nasscom’s platform – “Future Skills” – for skill development in eight different futuristic technologies under “Digital India” initiative by the government of India. This program is aimed at skilling and up-skilling about 2 million technology professionals and develop skills in another 2 million students and prospective employees in coming few years. NASSCOM and the Boston Consulting Group, identified following 8 technologies, being a part of the “Future Skills” platform. Robotic Process Automation or RPA Artificial Intelligence or AI Virtual Reality Internet of Things (IoT) Big…

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