Search Results for: software testing

HP QTP Question Bank: Q. 31 to 40 Q. 31: What are the Environment Variables? Environment variables are global variables available to all Actions # They can be used to run a test case on different environment # To add a new Environment variable go to Test -> Settings ->Environment (Tab) # Environment variables are of two types like: 1. Built in Environment Variables: These provide information about the system and the current test 2. User-Defined Environment Variables: These are added in the Environment tab of Test Settings. These are Read-only during the test run <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 32:…

HP QTP Question Bank: Q. 41 to 50 Q. 41: What are the various utilities and tools available in QTP? Tools Menu contains the following utilities and tools which are helpful in the testing process: # Action Conversion Tool: Enables us to convert test actions that were created using QTP to scripted components for use in business process testing. # Additional Installation Requirements: Opens the Additional Installation Requirements dialog box, which displays any prerequisite software that we must install or configure to work with QTP. # Business Component Upgrade Tool: Opens the Business Component Upgrade Tool. If we are connected to a Quality…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 131 to 140 Q. 131: How do we search for various “TestObjects” using RFT? In RFT we can locate a TestObject programmatically. Here our search for the TestObject is based on name and value pairs representing the properties of the concerned TestObject or TestObjects. Our search can be either global or limited to children of a parent TestObject. RFT uses an object called the “RootTestObject” to represent a global view of the software under test in the following ways. 1) For searching the entire application, we can use the find method on the RootTestObject. 2)…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 121 to 130 Q. 121: What are Globalized applications? Globalized applications are those in which all of the strings like messages, labels, and text, are localized, that is, translated to the language of the location from which it was started or launched. For example, if an application is started from a Japanese locale or operating system, then all of the information will appear in Japanese. Similarly, if an application is started from a French locale or operating system, the Information will appear in French, and so on. “Globalized” also refers to applications that allow input…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 111 to 120 Q. 111: What are the Manual verification points? Manual verification points are useful when we create the data for the verification point ourself, and we want to compare the data. For example, the data could be the result of a calculation or could come from an external source, like a database. Manual verification point objects are constructed using the “vpManual” method. When we call this method, we provide the data before “performTest” is executed. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 112: What are the dynamic verification points? Dynamic verification points are created by “vpDynamic”…

IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 81 to 90 Q. 81: What regular expressions are used in RFT? We can replace a recognition property with a regular expression or a numeric range to allow for a pattern-based recognition. The pattern allows for more flexibility in the object recognition. We can convert properties to regular expressions and numeric ranges from within the Verification Point Editor or the object map. We can undo any regular expression or numeric range. <<<<<< =================== >>>>>> Q. 82: What is the purpose of Regular Expression Evaluator? Regular Expression Evaluator is used to test a regular expression while…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** IBM RFT Interview Questions: Q. 1 to 10 Q. 1: What is the Process of test automation by using Rational Functional Tester? Test automation process using RFT involves following three steps. 1) Recording of Test Scripts: is done on the fly, as users navigate the application. Verification points can be inserted to validate the system response. This makes test scripts data-driven to enable execution of the same script on variety of data inputs. 2) Enhancing the Test Scripts: Enhancements like conditional branching, refactoring, and exception handling are done in…

Know the utilities and tools available in QTP Tools Menu of QTP contains the following utilities and tools which are helpful in the testing process: # Action Conversion Tool: Enables us to convert test actions that were created using QTP to scripted components for use in business process testing. # Additional Installation Requirements: Opens the Additional Installation Requirements dialog box, which displays any prerequisite software that we must install or configure to work with QTP. # Business Component Upgrade Tool: Opens the Business Component Upgrade Tool. If we are connected to a Quality Center project, this tool enables us to upgrade all of…

An insight to Concurrent Development-Validation Test Model Concurrent Development approach refers to the process of informal validation while development is still going on. This approach provides an opportunity for validation tests to be developed and debugged early in the software development process. It is helpful in providing an early feedback to the software engineers. The key benefit of this approach is that it results in formal validation being less eventful, since most of the problems have already been found and fixed. Formal Validation Testing Review:   During informal validation developers are free to make any changes as felt necessary to…

Qualities of a Good Tester What qualities & skills we looking for in a Good Tester? Although technical skills, degrees, diplomas are quite useful, however “The better the soft skills, the better the tester is”. Some of the soft skills, which are crucial for testers are: 1) Good Communication: This is one of the most important skills. A tester must be frank enough to ask questions to find out what needs to be done. A good tester can�t afford to be shy. He must be able to interact even with unknown persons, frankly & pleasingly. Communication here refers to a dialog…

Various Methodologies of Test Creation in QTP While using QTP, we can create tests with the help of three types of methodologies like: 1) Keyword-driven methodology 2) Step recording 3) Combination of both Keyword-driven methodology & Recording. Keyword-driven methodology: Creation of tests with the help of keyword-driven methodology requires an infrastructure for various required resources. Resources are such as shared object repositories, function libraries, and recovery scenarios. For setting up the infrastructure we require thorough knowledge of the application and a great level of expertise of QTP software. This methodology enables us to create tests at a more application-specific level…

Automation and Management of Object Repositories What is Automation: Automation is a Microsoft technology that makes it possible to access software objects inside one application from other applications. These objects can be created and manipulated using a scripting or programming language such as VBScript or VC++. Automation enables us to control the functionality of an application programmatically. An object model is a structural representation of software objects i.e. classes that comprises the implementation of a system or application. An object model defines a set of classes and interfaces, together with their properties, methods and events, and their relationships. Understanding QTP…

You can transform yourself from a Good Tester to an Excellent Manager: But How? You are the Best Judge of your own Capabilities & Potentials. No one else knows about you more than yourself. Try to Introspect & Discover yourself the Qualities / Potentials / Experience & Confidence you possess, & honestly try to assess the slot where you deserve to be placed as on date; from where upon you can improve to be an Excellent Manager of tomorrow. Here are some of the Attributes of a Good Test Engineer: 1) Good test engineer has an attitude “To achieve the Difficult”. 2)…

Download Link for your Favorite E-Book is at the End of this Page *********************************************************************************** Am I doing Too Little or Too Much Automation. We shall be able to count a large number of possible test cases for any system although fact may be that we might be having too little a time to execute only a few of them. Even if this number may be small, still we would expect to detect majority of our bugs out of these whatever small number of test cases. Hence identification of test cases to be created & to be executed is an important activity.…

All About Risk Analysis Risk Analysis is one of the concepts of key importance in Software Product Life Cycle. It generally includes areas like risk assessment, risk characterization, risk communication, risk management, and policies relating to the risk. It is also known as Security Risk Analysis. Following terms related to Risk Analysis need to be understood clearly Risk Analysis: A risk analysis involves identifying the most probable threats to an organization and analyzing the related vulnerabilities of the organization to these threats. Risk Assessment: A risk assessment involves evaluating existing physical and environmental security and controls, and assessing their adequacy relative to…

Introduction to HP WinRunner HP / Mercury Interactive’s WinRunner is an automated functional GUI testing tool that allows a user to record and play back UI interactions as test scripts. As a Functional test suite, it works together with HP QuickTest Professional and supports enterprise quality assurance. It is a functional testing software for enterprise IT applications. It captures, verifies and replays user interactions automatically, so you can identify defects and determine whether business processes work as designed. The software implements a proprietary Test Script Language (TSL) which is similar to C Language, that allows customization and parameterization of user…

Successful Automation-Only Tool is not enough In today’s fast paced business environment, test automation has increasingly become a mission-critical activity. Information systems are no longer back room systems. Today’s systems impact the bottom line of a business, give it a competitive advantage and more importantly, are frequently responsible for increasing sales revenue. Consequently, the risks associated with developing these systems have escalated. How can we adequately test a system not only during its development, but also over the life of the system? Frequently, the answer to this question is “all we need is the right tool”. Unfortunately, while automation may…

Download Link for your Favorite Presentation is at the End of this Page ****************************************************************************************** Know All about States of your Bug Various States of a Bug during its Life Cycle: Bug refers to a fault or defect in software program due to which the software behaves abnormally. Truly speaking Bugs are inherent to software, rather it is difficult to find a software without any Bug. Removal of bugs from the software depends upon the efficiency of the testing activity performed on the software. Bug attracts special concerns which reflect on the quality of the Application under Test Life Cycle of Bug: In software…

Nine Tips for an Effective Bug Reporting It is important that a software tester reports everything what he feels. A software tester role is that of a catalyst in any team. He makes up the team on one hand and breaks up the application on the other. It is important to clearly understand all the issues in the application may be big or small with due course of understanding in terms of business and the application. Therefore a strong Bug Report serves as a definite proof in Software Development Life Cycle, provided the status of bugs is updated at all…

Mastering the Art of Effective Bug Reporting All software testers strive to achieve the prime aim of hunting maximum number of bugs in the software. When some build gets ready for testing, the main aim of the tester is to dig out maximum possible bugs from each & every corner. To achieve perfection in this task testing is performed from different angles. The application under test is subjected to the rigors of the following type: # Boundary value analysis # Validation Testing # Verification Testing # GUI Testing # Interoperability Testing # Integration Testing # Functional Testing  from Business concept…

How Severe your Bug is It is extremely important to understand the type & importance of every bug detected during the testing & its subsequent effect on the users of the subject software application being tested. Such information is helpful to the developers and the management in deciding the urgency or priority of fixing the bug during the product-testing phase.   Following Severity Levels are assigned during the Testing Phase: Critical – is the most dangerous level, which does not permit continuance of the testing effort beyond a particular point. Critical situation can arise due to popping up of some error message…

Introduction to CMM & CMMI Software Quality: It is the prime requirement of any Quality Software that it should reasonably be bug-free, delivered on time and within budgetary constraints. It should meet the defined requirements or expectations, and should be maintainable. Therefore to produce error free and high quality software there arises a great need that certain internationally recognized standards be followed. Quality Standards: Various Quality Standards are available ISO 9001: 2000 – is Quality Management System Certification. To achieve this, an organization is expected to satisfy the requirements defined in CL. 1 to 8 of ISO 9001: 2000 Six Sigma – is a process…

What are the CMM Levels for Companies Various Capability Maturity Levels � CMM Levels for Companies The Capability Maturity Model defines following levels for the organizations depending upon the processes being followed by them. CMM Level 0 – Companies: CMM � Level 0 companies are the ones, which do not have any structured Processes, Tracking Mechanisms & Plans. It is left to the developer or any person responsible for Quality to ensure that the product meets the expectations. CMM Level 1 – Companies: Work is Performed Informally CMM � Level 1 companies are the ones, where the teams put in extra hard work…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-w Walkthrough: Walkthrough is A step-by-step presentation by the author of a document in order to gather information and to establish a common understanding of its content. It is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purposes. Little or no preparation is usually required. During a walkthrough, the producer of a product “walks through” or paraphrases the products content, while a team of other individuals follow along. The objective of the team remains to raise questions and raise issues about the product which may lead to the identification of defects. Weak Mutation Coverage: Weak Mutation Coverage is…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-V Validation: Validation refers to the determination of the correctness of the final program or software product produced from a development project with respect to the user needs and requirements. The techniques for validation are testing, inspection and reviewing. Validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. As per the definition of ISO-9000, Validation is confirmation by examination and through provision of objective evidence that the requirements for a specific intended use or application have been fulfilled. Validation Protocol: Validation Protocol is a written plan stating how validation will be conducted, including…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-U Understandability: Understandability is the capability of the software product to enable the user to understand whether the software is suitable, and how it can be used for particular tasks and conditions of use. Unit Testing: Unit Testing involves testing of individual programs, modules, or components to demonstrate that the program executes as per the specifications and it validates the design and technical quality of the application. The focus is on ensuring that the detailed logic within the component is accurate and reliable according to the pre-defined specifications. In Unit Testing, the Called Components (or Communicating Components) are…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-T Table Coverage: Table coverage is a metric, which indicates whether each entry in a particular array has been referenced. This is useful for programs, which are controlled by a finite state machine.  Technical Review: Technical Review refers to a peer group discussion activity that focuses on achieving consensus on the technical approach to be taken. A technical review is also known as a peer review. Test: Test is an activity in which a system or component is executed under specified conditions, the results are observed or recorded and an evaluation is made of some aspect of the…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-R Race Condition / Coverage: Race Condition is a cause of concurrency problems. It refers to multiple accesses to a shared resource, at least one of which is a write, with no mechanism used by either to moderate simultaneous access. It helps detect failure to synchronize access to resources. It is useful for testing multi-threaded programs such as in an operating system. Ramp Testing: Ramp Testing involves continuously raising an input signal until the system breaks down. Random Testing: Random Testing is a black box test design technique where test cases are selected, possibly using a pseudo-random…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-Q Qualification Testing: Qualification Testing is a formal testing, usually conducted by the developer for the consumer, to demonstrate that the software meets its specified requirements. Quality: Quality is the degree to which a component, system or process meets specified requirements and/or user/customer needs and expectations. A product is considered a quality product if it is free from defects. From the perspective of a producer, a product is a quality product if it meets or conforms to the statement of requirements which defines the product. From perspective of the customer, quality means “fitness for use.” Quality…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-P Pair Programming: Pair Programming is a software development approach whereby lines of code (production and/or test) of a component are written by two programmers sitting at a single computer. This implicitly means ongoing real-time code reviews are performed. Pair Testing: Pair testing means when two testers work together to find defects. Typically, they share one computer and trade control of it while testing. Parallel Testing: Parallel Testing involves testing a new or an altered data processing system with the same source data that is used in another system. The other system is considered as the standard…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-O Object Code Branch Coverage: Object code branch coverage is a metric, which reports whether each machine language conditional branch instruction both took the branch and fell through. It gives results which depend on the compiler rather than on the program structure since compiler code generation and optimization techniques can create object code that bears little similarity to the original source code structure.  Off-the-Shelf Software: Off-the-Shelf Software is a software product that is developed for the general market, i.e. for a large number of customers, and that is delivered to many customers in identical format. Operability: Operability is…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-N N-switch Coverage: N-switch Coverage is the percentage of sequences of N+1 transitions which have been exercised by a test suite. N-switch testing: N-switch testing is a form of state transition testing in which test cases are designed to execute all valid sequences of N+1 transitions. Negative Testing: Negative Testing is aimed at showing that the software does not work. Negative Testing refers to the testing the application for failure like conditions. It involves testing the tool with improper inputs. for example entering the special characters in place of a phone number N+1 Testing:  N+1 Testing is a…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-L LCSAJ: LCSAJ means “Linear Code Sequence And Jump”, consists of the following three items (conventionally identified by line numbers in a source code listing like 1) The start of the linear sequence of executable statements 2) The end of the linear sequence, and 3) The target line to which control flow is transferred at the end of the linear sequence. LCSAJ Coverage: LCSAJ Coverage is the percentage of LCSAJ�s of a component which have been exercised by a test suite. 100% LCSAJ coverage implies 100% decision coverage. LCSAJ Testing: LCSAJ testing is a white box test…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-G Glass Box Testing: Glass Box Testing is an exact contrast of Black Box testing & is structural testing, where test data are derived from direct examination of the code to be tested. Glass-box test design allows one to peek inside the “box”, and it focuses specifically on using internal knowledge of the software to guide the selection of test data. Gorilla Testing: Gorilla Testing involves testing one particular module, functionality heavily. Gray Box Testing: Gray Box Testing is a combination of Black Box and White Box testing methodologies: testing a piece of software against its…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-F Fail: A test is considered as fail if its actual result does not match its expected result. Failure: Failure means actual deviation of the component or system from its expected delivery, service or result. Failure Mode: Failure Mode refers to the physical or functional manifestation of a failure. For example, a system in failure mode may be characterized by slow operation, incorrect outputs, or complete termination of execution. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA): Failure Mode and Effect Analysis is a systematic approach to risk identification and analysis of identifying possible modes of failure and attempting to…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-D Data Definition: Data Definition is an executable statement where a variable is assigned a value. Data Dictionary: Data Dictionary is a database that contains definitions of all data items defined during analysis. Data Driven Testing: Data Driven Testing is a testing in which the action of a test case is parameterized by externally defined data values, maintained as a file or spreadsheet. It is a common technique in Automated Testing. Data Flow: Data Flow is an abstract representation of the sequence and possible changes of the state of data objects, where the state of an object…

Glossary of Terms beginning Alphabet-B Back-To-Back Testing: Back-To-Back Testing refers to the testing process in which two or more variants of a component or system are executed with the same inputs, the outputs compared, and analyzed in cases of discrepancies. Backus-Naur Form: Backus-Naur Form is a meta-language used to formally describe the syntax of a language. Basic Block: Basic Block is a sequence of one or more consecutive, executable statements containing no branches. Basis Path Testing: Basis Path Testing is a white box test case design technique that uses the algorithmic flow of the program to design tests. Basis Set:…

Progressive Definition of Quality: It is defined entirely by the customer or the end user and is based upon the evaluation of his entire experience as a customer. The customer experience is the aggregate of all the touch points that customers have with the company’s product and services. For example, when someone buys a product he forms an impression based on how it was sold, how it was delivered, how it performed, how well it was supported etc. By ISO 9000:Degree to which a set of inherent characteristic fulfills requirements By Dr. W Edwards Deming: The totality of features and characteristics of…